离婚诉讼前处理子女抚养纠纷的一种新机制——澳大利亚“家庭关系中心”评介及其启示

儿童最大利益原则,是联合国1989年《儿童权利公约》所倡导和现代许多国家处理儿童抚养和监护问题所遵循的首要原则。澳大利亚"家庭关系中心"设立的根本目的,就是为了指导和帮助分居后或离婚诉讼前的夫妻妥善处理其子女的照顾、抚养和探视等问题。澳大利亚"家庭关系中心"是处理分居后或离婚诉讼前的夫妻之子女抚养和监护等纠纷的一种新机制。其成功的实践经验对我国具有较大的借鉴意义。     

Engaging Indigenous Communities: Towards a Policy Framework for Indigenous Community Justice Programmes

Community engagement has come to the fore as a policy and programme approach that seeks to connect citizens both with each other and with government in order to deliver improved social and economic opportunities and outcomes. This model has become a key aspect of the intervention approach within Indigenous communities and is seen to have particular application in addressing community justice issues. This article examines a suite of community justice initiatives being used in Indigenous communities in Australia with a view to ascertaining how the principles of community engagement are operationalized. The article draws on this information and argues that community engagement is only one aspect of a number of community‐oriented justice initiatives currently being applied. These initiatives range from concepts of community as a location, community as an interest group, and the leveraging of community capital so as to tap into and build better and stronger relationships. In so doing, the latter attempts to increase the social infrastructure, resources and capacity of communities. However, despite government attention in this area, there is a lack of a policy and programmatic framework to guide a coherent and apposite approach to issues of community in specific policy settings. The article contributes to the development of a framework that begins the process of differentiating and assessing justice administration interventions.     

Health and welfare of immigrants and access to services in Australia

The main issues in relation to the provision of health and social welfare services for migrants in Australia are: (a) to ensure access and equity; (b) concern about the relatively high proportions of some groups from specific birthplaces requiring support; and (c) the complexity and costs of ethnically specific services. This article focuses on the major pensions and benefits paid by the Department of Social Security, particularly the age pension and unemployment benefit. It also examines the interrelationship between mortality, morbidity, private health insurance, use of health services and the proportions on health-related pensions. Linked with these issues is the debate about an appropriate level of immigration when the unemployment rate is high, as in the current recession, and when new arrivals have little prospect of finding a job. A second major concern is the cost of caring for elderly immigrant parents who have come to Australia under the family reunion program.     

The marginalisation of children by the legal process

A major study carried out in the Melbourne Children's Court, Victoria, Australia, during 1993–1995, of the factors that influence magistrates' decision-making in child abuse cases, found that magistrates relied more on their legal training and individual discretion than on information from the child protection service when making these decisions. Magistrates' emphasis on adversarial procedures meant that the need to establish the facts in a case was the court's primary consideration and that children's interests, and welfare concerns about them, were marginalised in the hearing of child abuse matters. The article reports on this aspect of the larger study: how the adversarial process ill serves the rights, and best interests, of children in the hearing of child abuse matters and provides case examples to illustrate this. The information is drawn from the qualitative and quantitative data gathered for the major study; data collected from the observation of court hearings, interviews with magistrates and court record analysis.     

Children's Agency: ‘Getting By,Getting Back,Getting Out and Getting Organised’ Under Welfare‐to‐Work in Australia

One in four children in lone‐parent households in Australia lives in poverty. Welfare‐to‐work policies designed to 'activate' lone‐parents into the labour market is one approach that successive governments have employed to address this issue. This article argues that activation policies that target parents risk overlooking the implications for the children in these families. It concludes that more understanding about how poor children employ agency within the constraints and conditions of their lives could inform policy that better supports their well‐being, values their contributions, and is more sensitive to the diverse and changing needs of families. It draws on child‐centred participatory research with twenty‐six children in Australia that found they were active agents across a range of areas that included strategies for getting by, aspiration for the future, and acts of resistance.     

中澳职业教育师资队伍的比较与启示

澳大利亚具有世界上较为完善、成熟的职业教育与培训系统，形成了世界上先进的、具有代表性的职业教育模式。借鉴其师资培养的先进经验，对我国职业教育教师队伍的建设具有重要意义。     

澳大利亚外语教育政策探析及对中国的启示

运用语言规划和政策理论,通过对澳大利亚外语教育政策的思考,结合我国外语教育的现状,以期为我国外语教育规划和政策的制定提供参考。     

二战后澳大利亚种族政策变化的国际根源

二战后澳大利亚种族政策出现的一系列变化有着深刻的国际根源。美国与南非的反种族主义斗争在澳大利亚产生强烈反响,联合国等国际组织不仅直接关注澳大利亚种族问题,而且成为土著活动家争取种族平等的渠道与场所。这一切给澳大利亚联邦政府带来强大的国际压力,成为战后澳大利亚种族政策转变的重要原因。     

"Waltzing Matilda"中的澳大利亚

民歌“Waltzing Matilda”被誉为澳大利亚民族之歌,在澳大利亚可谓家喻户晓。阐释这首民歌何以真实地反映澳大利亚并在澳文化中占有如此重要的地位,进而将其试译为汉语。     

The changing spatial distribution and concentration of Australias chinese and Vietnamese communities: An analysis of 1986–2006 Australian population census data

This paper describes the changing spatial distribution and concentration of Chinese and Vietnamese communities in Australia over the two past decades. The research analyses data of individuals (i) born in the People’s Republic of China or Vietnam, (ii) of Chinese or Vietnamese ancestry, and (iii) who spoke Chinese or Vietnamese languages at home. Basic demographic and economic factors at the SLA level are considered to provide an initial discussion of meso-level factors which may have contributed to changes in Chinese-and Vietnamese-Australian distributions and concentrations since 1986. As expected, from field observations, the data reveal a contrasting picture of the spatial distribution and concentration of the Chinese- and Vietnamese-Australian communities, and indicate that although a few areas of high Vietnamese spatial concentration have persisted into 2006, and a few areas of high’ Chinese spatial concentration have developed since 1986, overall there is an increasing dispersion of both communities into the broader Australian community.