从水崇拜看《诗经》的婚恋诗

水是生命之源,中国古代就有水崇拜的传统,内涵丰富,生殖崇拜是其之一。我国的诗歌总集———《诗经》中,有大量的爱情婚姻诗,而且与水有着密切的关系,这既是上古时代风俗的体现,也蕴涵着生殖祈子的愿望,它值得我们深入地思考。     

春秋至战国时期修辞风格的嬗变

春秋至战国时期,由于社会形势、物质条件和人的思维等一系列深刻变化,带来了修辞风格的巨大变化。其表现是:从简约到繁丰,从质朴到夸饰,从温婉到峻切,从叙述到议论。     

齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对水温和溶解氧的耐受力研究

本文报道了齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼对水温变化和溶解氧 (DO)变化耐受能力的试验结果。其幼鱼生存的临界水温上限为 33.5℃ ,下限为 0 .8℃ ,适宜生长的温度范围是 5— 2 7℃ ,在此温度范围内水温与其摄食和生长成正相关。幼鱼的窒息点为DO =0 .5 8mg L ,当DO =1.2 8mg L时 ,出现明显的“浮头”现象     

A comparison of two versus four sterile water injections for the relief of back pain in labour: A multicentre randomised equivalence trial

BackgroundRecent trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of sterile water injections to provide relief from labour back pain. While four injections is the most common approach variations in technique, such as employing two injections, are also used.AimTo determine if the analgesic effect of two sterile water injections is clinically equivalent to four.Methods238 women in labour with a Visual Analogue Scale pain score (VAS) of 70 millimetres (mm) (0 = no pain; 100 = worst pain imaginable) were randomised to two or four sterile water injections. The primary outcome was pain measured on a VAS at 30 min post treatment. A priori margin of equivalence was set at ±10 mm. Secondary outcomes included the likelihood of achieving an at least 30% and 50% reduction in pain, birth and neonatal outcomes.ResultsAt 30 min post-injection the difference in VAS scores between the techniques was ?5.97 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] ?13.18–1.22). As the lower end of the CI exceeds the margin of ?10 mm equivalence was not demonstrated. Both techniques achieved an at least 30% reduction in pain in over 75% of participants though duration of effect was longer in the four injection group. There was no difference in other birth related secondary outcomes.ConclusionFour injections provided a margin of benefit over two injections in level and duration of analgesia.DiscussionFour injections remains the technique of choice though two injections still provided significant pain relief and would be suitable where it was not possible or desirable to provide four.