财务柔性能力与中国上市公司持续性创新——兼论协调创新效应与自适应效应

基于财务柔性组织理论,本文利用2007-2017年我国A股上市非金融类公司微观数据,从理论和实证检验分析了企业财务柔性能力对持续性创新的影响,结果显示企业财务柔性对持续性创新存在正向促进作用。进一步,本文探讨了财务柔性可能存在的“协调创新效应”和“自适应效应”两种机制。协调创新效应相关检验结果显示企业储备的财务柔性能力能有效协调内外部资源,释放融资约束的负向影响,从而正向促进企业持续性创新。检验结果还显示,企业主动地调节财务柔性储备,能够在不同维度环境的不确定性影响下发挥“自适应效应”,助力企业实现持续创新的目标。总体而言,本文结论改善了企业断点式或阶段式的创新投入方式,切实提升了企业自主研发能力和质量,对`实现我国创新“量质平衡”有重要意义。     

An Improved Distribution-free EWMA Mean Chart

Control charts are effective tools for signal detection in both manufacturing processes and service processes. Much service data come from a process with variables having nonnormal or unknown distributions. The commonly used Shewhart variable control charts, which depend heavily on the normality assumption, should not be properly used here. In this article, we propose an improved asymmetric EWMA mean chart based on a simple statistic to monitor process mean shift. We explored the sampling properties of the new monitoring statistic and calculated the average run lengths of the proposed asymmetric EWMA mean chart. We recommend the proposed improved asymmetric EWMA mean chart because the average run lengths of the modified charts are more accurate and reasonable than those of the five existed mean charts. A numerical example of service times with a right skewed distribution from a service system of a bank branch is used to illustrate the application of the improved asymmetric EWMA mean chart and to compare it with the five existing mean charts. The proposed chart showed better detection performance than those of the five existing mean charts in monitoring and detecting shifts in the process mean.     

论情感因素在公文写作中的效用

现代公文被认为是一种处理公务的工具,情感因素的作用往往被公文写作者忽视。从古代和现代的一些公文的分析和探讨中可以看到,情感因素在公文写作中有着特殊的效果和作用;因此,我们可以恰如其分地给公文注入一些情感因素,以增添其情感效用。     

Multivariate process dispersion monitoring without subgrouping

The memory-type adaptive and non-adaptive control charts are among the best control charts for detecting small-to-moderate changes in the process parameter(s). In this paper, we propose the Crosier CUSUM (CCUSUM), EWMA, adaptive CCUSUM (ACCUSUM) and adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) charts for efficiently monitoring the changes in the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal process without subgrouping. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, the length characteristics of these control charts are computed. It turns out that the ACCUSUM and AEWMA charts perform uniformly and substantially better than the CCUSUM and EWMA charts when detecting a range of shift sizes in the covariance matrix. Moreover, the AEWMA chart outperforms the ACCUSUM chart. A real dataset is used to explain the implementation of the proposed control charts.     

Contribution analysis to analyze the effects of the health impact assessment at the local level: A case of urban revitalization

The health impact assessment (HIA) is a tool used to estimate the potential impact on health of non-health-related proposals prior to implementation. While it is increasingly used in Quebec, Canada, studies have not analyzed its medium-term impacts and potential long-term impacts. We conducted a contribution analysis using in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, as well as documents, observation and images related to HIA in order to analyze its impacts on the revitalization of road infrastructure, parks and green spaces, and residential housing. Our analysis not only reflects on the decision-making process through the adoption and implementation of HIA recommendations, but also on the link between actions implemented in the field and health outcomes.     

Exploring the effectiveness of methadone treatment from the perspective of drug users and their families: a qualitative study in Iran

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) from the perspective of drug users and their families. For this qualitative content analysis study, 15 participants were selected via purposive sampling. Data collection was done using deep and semi-structured interviews, which were then analyzed. The results showed that MMT can bring favorable impacts into the patients’ lives and help them with the process of treatment and rehabilitation despite the medical side effects.     

Lower bound of average centered L2-discrepancy for U-type designs

Uniform designs are widely used in various scientific investigations and industrial applications. By considering all possible level permutation of the factors, a connection between average centered L₂-discrepancy and generalized wordlength pattern for asymmetrical fractional factorial designs is derived. Moreover, we present new lower bounds to the average centered L₂-discrepancy for symmetrical and asymmetrical U-type designs. For illustration of the theoretical results, the lower bounds for symmetrical and asymmetrical U-type designs are tabulated, and numerical results indicate that our lower bounds behave well and can be recommended for use in practice.     

Conditional design of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart is often designed assuming the process parameters are known. In practice, the parameters are rarely known and need to be estimated from Phase I samples. Different Phase I samples are used when practitioners construct their own control chart's limits, which leads to the “Phase I between-practitioners” variability in the in-control average run length (ARL) of control charts. The standard deviation of the ARL (SDARL) is a good alternative to quantify this variability in control charts. Based on the SDARL metric, the performance of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters is investigated in this paper. Some recommendations are given based on the SDARL metric. The results show that the EWMA median chart requires a much larger amount of Phase I data in order to reduce the variation in the in-control ARL up to a reasonable level. Due to the limitation of the amount of the Phase I data, the suggested EWMA median chart is designed with the bootstrap method which provides a good balance between the in-control and out-of-control ARL values.     

挤出还是溢出:FDI出口溢出效应研究

本文利用我国规模及规模以上制造业企业数据考察了FDI对我国本土企业的出口溢出效应。主要结论包括:FDI对中国本土企业出口的影响是双向的,同时存在挤出效应和溢出效应;基于竞争渠道所产生的出口溢出总体为负,基于信息渠道和示范渠道所产生的出口溢出效应总体为正;不同外向性程度的FDI对我国本土企业的出口溢出效应有明显差异。     

WTO协议在我国法院的适用

加入WTO给我们提供了加速发展的机遇,同时也给我们提出了巨大的挑战。为了最大限度地利用好WTO这把“双刃剑”,我们必须首先解决如何执行和实施WTO规则体系的问题。本文拟对WTO协议在国内法院的直接适用问题进行探讨,通过对WTO协议理论和各成员方有关法律和司法实践的分析得出这样一个结论,即WTO协议在我国法院不具有直接效力,还不能得到直接适用。