西辽河上游地区新石器时代至早期青铜时代经济形态研究综述

西辽河上游地区是我国近代考古开始较早的地区之一,自新石器时代早期至早期青铜时代,主要的考古学文化有小河西文化、兴隆洼文化、富河文化、赵宝沟文化、小河沿文化和夏家店下层文化。由于这一地区是从半干旱区向干旱区过渡的地区,也是对环境变化反映敏感的生态系统过渡带,在新石器时代至早期青铜时代受到地理条件、气候环境与外部文化的影响,形成了独特而具典型性的采集、渔猎、农业、畜牧并存的经济形态。     

Employee absence,age and tenure: A study of nonlinear effects and trivariate models

Multiple regression techniques were used to explore the nature of the relationships between age, tenure and absence in 2417 British local government workers drawn from three work groups. The data were collected from organizational records and included measures of both non-certified absence and medically certified absence. Linear and curvilinear associations among age, tenure and absence were examined. The possible moderating or mediating role of tenure in the relationship between age and absence was subsequently analysed. The data revealed linear relationships between age and absence that were negative for non-certified absence and positive for certified absence. In contrast, curvilinear relationships were found between tenure and absence that were U-shaped for noncertified absence and inverse U-shaped for certified absence. Tenure was found to moderate but not to mediate the relationship between age and absence. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the changing age and career paths of the workforce, and of methodological issues in absence research.     

Estimating the 'appropriate' age for retirement as a function of perceived occupational characteristics

The 'appropriate' age for retirement as perceived by 120 young, 120 middle-aged, and 120 elderly adults was investigated. No participants displayed any difficulties in expressing an opinion about the minimum and maximum 'appropriate' ages for retirement for various different occupations. Participants' representations of the 'appropriate' retirement age varied primarily as a function of the perceived physical constraints involved in the occupation but also depended on their age (the younger the respondent, the lower the perceived 'appropriate' minimum retirement age). There was no tendency among the young adults to wish to prolong the work life of older individuals. There was no tendency in any of the three age groups to associate age of retirement with perceived cognitive or social and organizational characteristics of work: only the perceived physical demands of work predicted age at retirement.     

年龄的迷宫——清人年龄研究中的几个问题

清人年龄问题非常复杂,既有官年与实年之别,又有因传闻、传抄、版刻、校对、推算等方面不确、不慎而造就的错误;即使是来自本人自述或来自亲友的讣告、碑志、行状、家传、家谱等材料,也不尽可靠;至于正史、地方志及其他人物传记中所载,由于多来自该人物家族提供的行状、墓志、家传等,文献已经二次传抄,致误概率更大。欲研治清人年龄乃至古人年龄,有四个方面需要注意:一是明确文献优先等级;二是善于利用参照系;三是掌握古人一些特殊的年龄表达习惯;四是多闻阙疑。     

谈中世纪克普恰克文献《库曼语汇编》

本文详细介绍中世纪克普恰克语文献<库曼语汇编>的编写,流传过程和基本内容.研究它对了解中世纪突厥语言与文化、突厥语的发展过程等具有重要的意义.     

从轴心期到青铜时代——论中国文明发生的精神背景

从人类发生角度看 ,中国文明起源于原始食物资源系统的破坏以及食物的再分配过程 ;从历史角度看 ,它正发生于从青铜时代到轴心时代这一历史进程 ;从精神方式角度看 ,它根源于原始诗性智慧的崩溃和重建活动。从物质生产、人自身生产与精神生产三种角度看 ,中国文明有它自身的本体内涵 ,它与世界其他古代文明有着结构关系     

严复社会发展观要义及其当代启示

严复的社会发展思想包括:"新民"是社会发展之基石;"合群"是社会发展之前提;"开国"是社会发展之途径;"渐进"是社会发展之秩序等内容。其特点有:基于时物种进化的觉悟,因而是历史经验的智慧化;对事物发展中各种关系(新旧关系、内外关系、多少关系)的深切而辩证的把握,因而是理论思考的结晶;对西方社会发展状况和中国社会实践状况的双重检讨,因而它也是一种具有深刻意蕴的实践理性。故其于和谐社会的建构具有重要启示意义。     

西藏人口转变中的劳动适龄人口变动趋势

以1990和2000年西藏自治区人口普查资料为基础,对未来西藏人口的发展态势作了预测。预测分析显示,西藏正处于人口快速转变之中。未来25年内,随着总人口的变动,西藏劳动适龄人口的规模、年龄结构、比重也将发生显著变化,2010—2030年间将会出现劳动力适龄人口比例最大,社会总负担比最轻的“人口红利”期。西藏应抓住这一有利时机,大力发展教育、农牧业及副产品加工业、旅游业以及外贸和边贸,以实现真正的“人口红利”。     

幼儿园混龄班与同龄班特点比较与研究

幼儿同伴交往能力是幼儿社会性发展的重要内容。自我国1979年实行计划生育以来,由于独生子女较多,幼儿缺少与同伴交往的机会,幼儿园是幼儿重要的交往环境,多数幼儿在园期间的交往同伴仅局限于同龄之间的交往。目前我国许多幼儿园开设混龄班,这样不仅增加了幼儿与异龄同伴交往的机会,而且在混龄班与同龄班共存状态下,两种班型对幼儿个体发展影响不同。以赤峰市实验幼儿园中三个混龄班与三个同龄班的师生为研究对象,通过观察比较分析混龄班与同龄班幼儿同伴交往的特点与影响,并针对交往中出现的问题找出相应的解决策略。     

Age of onset of epilepsy: its effects on coping strategies

Research into the use of coping strategies to reduce emotional distress from negative life events has identified specific subscales within the more general concepts of problem-focused and emotionfocused coping. This study presents a preliminary assessment of the ultilization of coping strategies during stressful incidents among people with epilepsy, and the differences which may arise as a result of the age of onset of the disorder. Twenty early-onset and 20 late-onset patients were asked to complete a questionnaire using subscales from the «Ways of Coping» scale (Aldwin and Revenson 1987) and from the «COPE» scale (Carver et al 1989). Data were also obtained from two groups of 20 subjects without epilepsy, matched for age and sex with the patient groups (a total of 80 subjects included in the study). Results indicated that subjects with epilepsy attempted to minimize problems more than non-epileptic subjects. Adult onset of the disorder appeared to increase the use of negotiation, acceptance and self-blame. Thus, there appear to be some significant differences in the types of coping strategy employed in stressful situations, with the late-onset group tending to utilize strategies that may be considered maladaptive, perhaps in an initial adjustment to the disorder.