美国联邦官僚系统的自主性和政治控制

在美国的多元政治体制下,其联邦官僚系统保持着一定程度的自主性。与之同时,又接受着来自国会、总统和社会利益集团等多种政治主体的影响和控制,形成"一仆二主"乃至"一仆多主"的现象。基于美国的民主原则,美国联邦官僚系统必须回应来自政治系统的意愿和利益要求,接受其监督,同时凭借自身的专业技术能力及其他职业性资源,又保持着相对独立性,呈现出美国政治中特有的政治行政关系结构和特征。     

A Semiparametric Regression Model for Longitudinal Data with Non‐stationary Errors

Motivated by the need to analyze the National Longitudinal Surveys data, we propose a new semiparametric longitudinal mean‐covariance model in which the effects on dependent variable of some explanatory variables are linear and others are non‐linear, while the within‐subject correlations are modelled by a non‐stationary autoregressive error structure. We develop an estimation machinery based on least squares technique by approximating non‐parametric functions via B‐spline expansions and establish the asymptotic normality of parametric estimators as well as the rate of convergence for the non‐parametric estimators. We further advocate a new model selection strategy in the varying‐coefficient model framework, for distinguishing whether a component is significant and subsequently whether it is linear or non‐linear. Besides, the proposed method can also be employed for identifying the true order of lagged terms consistently. Monte Carlo studies are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of our approach, and an application of real data is also illustrated.     

Icons,Itinerary, and Identity: Associations of Boundary and Mobility within the Contemporary US Passport

Regulatory shifts in US border policy set in motion through implementation of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative are concurrent with recent formal and functional changes to the US passport. This article examines these modifications interweaving themes of boundary, mobility, and identity. The study focuses on the tripartite means by which the state employs the passport: as the primary affixer of national identity; as a mediator of contact and mobility across national boundaries; and as a mode for the projection of a certain territorial discourse to its citizenry and ‘others.’ These concepts are developed through an analysis of the narrative and iconic representations contained within the new book itself; material sources from government archives; as well as discussions and interviews with US State Department functionaries closely associated with the design and distribution of the new e-passport. Through the latter examination, a view is afforded into the process by which key state documents are crafted and an inherent tension revealed within an agency charged with establishing a particular unifying ‘brand’ for the preeminent instrument of national identification, whilst dutifully acknowledging the diverse constituency of a nation that historically fashions itself as one constructed from the many. In conclusion, the study suggests that the new passport is the handiwork of a plethora of state actors and a servant of many masters, for it is not only a facilitator of mobility and a vouchsafe for the identity of the bearer, but also, a tiny but significant piece of US property, itself an agent of border maintenance and boundary construction that enables the state to lay claim to its citizenry.     

Lawrence R. Klein 1920–2013: Notes on the early years

Klein can well be said to have created the field of macroeconometric modeling almost singlehandedly. His international influence started at an early stage. The article offers scattered archive observations on Klein's early years from undergraduate study to the University of Pennsylvania in 1958. Klein was in 1944 recruited by the Cowles Commission in Chicago to construct the first macroeconomic model in the USA, drawing on the experiences of the interwar modeling work of Jan Tinbergen and the new path-breaking econometric methods developed by Trygve Haavelmo. The first Klein model was taken into use at the end of 1945 to shed light on the prospects for the US economy in the transition from war to peace. After two-three years in Chicago Chicago, Klein traveled for a year in Europe and initiated macroeconometric modeling work in Canada, at the University of Michigan, and at Oxford University. This was only the beginning of the lifelong influence exerted on modelers around the globe. The article pays attention to Klein's relation to Paul Samuelson, Jacob Marschak, Trygve Haavelmo, Ragnar Frisch, and others.     

美国视频通信市场的转型——付费视频内容转向互联网

本文概述了当前美国有线电视行业／付费视频行业的局势，以及一些重要问题和面临的挑战，展望了未来的视频市场，概述了一个未来视频／宽带市场的战略愿景，然后回归到政策建议及具体的立法和管制行动。这将帮助我们在最短的、可操作的时间内通向一个开放的、非歧视性的、无处不在的宽带网络。     

Gender Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Ten Advanced Economies

The paper investigates gender unemployment dynamics in 10 advances economies applying a recent methodology on widely available Labour Force Surveys data. We calculate the job finding and separation rates for each gender and use them to construct the steady‐state unemployment gap as well as two counterfactual gender unemployment gaps: one generated by differences only in job finding rates and the other by differences only in separation rates. We find that in all countries the gender unemployment gap attributed to differences in the job finding rate is lower than the gap attributed to differences in the separation rate, suggesting that gender differences in the separation rate are the major factor behind the gender unemployment gap.     

高校公共体育课“2S”教学理念的提出与实施

依据“健康第一”、“以人为本”的理念,结合体育教学基本理论,针对我国大学生体质健康状况急剧下降的严峻形式,创造性地提出高校公共体育“2S”教学理念,强调“微笑”与“出汗”的相互融合。该教学理念重视快乐体育教学模式、成功体育教育模式的价值,突出教学内容专项化,教学过程的科学负荷,教学方法的多样化,强调教学组织以学生为主体,教学评价重视过程评价。     

基于单片机的无线遥控小车研究与实现

本文介绍了一种由STC12C5A60S2单片机控制的无线遥控小车,采用控传和图传独立设计的思想,即数据收发模块进行控制和温度数据的传输,图传模块负责作业环境的图像传输.控传部分以STC12C5A60S2单片机为核心,利用NRF24L01+模块数据收发,L298N电机驱动两路直流电机,使小车完成相应动作;DS18B20负责检测温度,由小车收发模块发射,LCD1602液晶模块显示.系统采用模块化设计,结构紧凑,便于优化,且可靠性能高.     

美国粮食价格突变及其对国内农业安全的启示

美国粮食市场价格突变可能为我国农业安全带来不可估量的冲击。以玉米和大豆产业为例,选取2000—2013年季度价格相关数据,基于PPM模型识别了玉米和大豆价格突变节点并测算其形成原因。实证结果显示,自21世纪以来,全美玉米市场共发生了六次价格上升突变、两次价格下降突变;大豆市场则历经四次价格上升突变、两次价格下降突变。粮价突变是供需因素与国际贸易、原油价格、美元指数变动等众多非供需因素共同作用的结果,因所处政治经济背景不同,各阶段形成原因也不尽相同。分析表明,美国粮价突变首先通过价格信息与贸易渠道间接的影响国内玉米和大豆价格;然后经由其他农产品价格波动、短期供给波动、国际游资及外商控制等路径对国内农业安全带来威胁。     

T.S.艾略特在《四个四重奏》中的本土意识

T.S.艾略特的《四个四重奏》反映出诗人的本土意识,即美国及美国文化的烙印.虽然艾略特并没有像其他美国诗人如惠特曼那样成为真正"美国制造"的本土诗人,《四个四重奏》却不妨被贴上"美国制造"的标签--诗歌中流露出的美国哲学思想的影响,具有美国本土影像的意象清晰可辨.文章着重挖掘诗歌中体现美国文化的哲学内容和诗歌意象,从而证明本土意识在艾略特《四个四重奏》创作中的重要意义.