中国物流投入产出效率评价体系及实证检验

依据我国1996—2010年的物流业宏观统计数据，综合运用数据包络分析方法中的C2R模型和C2GS2模型，构建了物流投入与产出效率评价体系。通过实证分析发现，我国物流业1996—2000年均规模无效，投入产出没有达到最佳比例；2010年技术有效，规模有效，投入产出处于最佳比例状态，达到了规模经济；2001、2002、2008年规模效益递减；2008—2009年虽然受国际金融动荡的影响，出现技术无效状态，但从长期看规模效益递增、技术效率渐进有效。据此提出发挥规模效应、提高运输业综合效率，提高物流业从业人员综合素质、改进物流产业技术效率和大力发展铁路运输功能的建议。     

Bias Correction in the Dynamic Panel Data Model with a Nonscalar Disturbance Covariance Matrix

Abstract

Approximation formulae are developed for the bias of ordinary and generalized Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in dynamic panel data models. Results from Kiviet [Kiviet, J. F. (1995), on bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models, J. Econometrics68:53–78; Kiviet, J. F. (1999), Expectations of expansions for estimators in a dynamic panel data model: some results for weakly exogenous regressors, In: Hsiao, C., Lahiri, K., Lee, L‐F., Pesaran, M. H., eds., Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199–225] are extended to higher‐order dynamic panel data models with general covariance structure. The focus is on estimation of both short‐ and long‐run coefficients. The results show that proper modelling of the disturbance covariance structure is indispensable. The bias approximations are used to construct bias corrected estimators which are then applied to quarterly data from 14 European Union countries. Money demand functions for M1, M2 and M3 are estimated for the EU area as a whole for the period 1991: I–1995: IV. Significant spillovers between countries are found reflecting the dependence of domestic money demand on foreign developments. The empirical results show that in general plausible long‐run effects are obtained by the bias corrected estimators. Moreover, finite sample bias, although of moderate magnitude, is present underlining the importance of more refined estimation techniques. Also the efficiency gains by exploiting the heteroscedasticity and cross‐correlation patterns between countries are sometimes considerable.     

Growth,inequality and innovation: A CGE analysis of India

This paper probes into the growth and distributional consequences of four basic policy options emanating from the three sources of economic growth, namely, physical capital, human capital and technological progress, with the help of a computable general equilibrium model of India. The simulation results show that, the efficacy of physical capital accumulation in augmenting growth and abating income inequality is greater than that of human capital accumulation. In the long term, however, the latter overtakes the former in promoting growth, but inequality worsens. When the two policies are commingled, growth improves but it continues to be inequality-augmenting. Finally, with concomitant Hicks-neutral technological progress, not only is growth enhanced further, but it turns out to be significantly inequality-mitigating. The emerging policy lesson is that any integrated policy of boosting investments in physical as well as human capital must be closely bound up with technological progress for growth to be inclusive.     

细胞保护性药物对大鼠心肌再灌性心律失常的影响

心肌缺血后再灌可导致严重的心律失常 本文比较了山莨菪碱和U - 63557A(血栓素A2 合成酶抑制剂 )对再灌注后心律失常的作用 结果显示山莨菪碱可显著缩短室性心动过速(VT)和室颤 (VF)的持续时间 ,降低心律失常的发生率和动物死亡率 ;U - 63557A仅使VT和VF的持续时间明显缩短 本文提示山莨菪碱和U - 63557A可不同程度对再灌后心肌细胞起着保护作用而减轻心律失常     

The effects of cultural appeal,product involvement,and ethnic identity on attitudes and recall in online advertising

The three studies presented here use four distinct samples that were gathered in mainland China, the United States, and Malaysia. We examined the persuasive effects of culturally congruent online advertising. We also explored the effects of interactions between ethnic identity and product category. Our findings showed that advertisements with collectivistic appeal, although they enhanced attitudes toward ads and brands across all samples, tended to diminish advertising recall. Furthermore, our results revealed that the level of ethnic identity and product category interacted with the main effects of culture on attitudes. Specifically, participants with high levels of ethnic identity had particularly strong reactions to culturally congruent advertisements. In addition, the attitudinal and cognitive effects of cultural appeal tended to diminish in high-involvement product advertisements, which may explain the decreased levels of recall observed in our initial inquiries. Our findings are presented in the contexts of global branding and future cross-cultural advertising research.     

Identification of out of control quality characteristics in a multivariate manufacturing environment

There are many instances in which the quality of a product or constancy of a process is determined by the joint levels of several attributes or properties. During the conduct of such a process or the production of such a product, one wishes to detect as quickly as possible any departure from a satisfactory state, while at the same time identifying which attributes are responsible for the deviation. In most cases of practical interest, however, there exist correlations among the several properties of interest; this makes it advisable to monitor certain aggregate characteristics of the process, rather than observing its various components separately. When the mean vector of the quality attributes is the major concern, this aggregate monitoring function is most commonly implemented via a T ² chart. The dependencies among attributes, however, complicate the determination of which are responsible when a deviation occurs. This paper presents an approach to help identify aberrant variables when Shewhart type multivariate control charts based on Hotelling's T ² are in use.     

语境在语言习得过程中的作用

在语言习得过程中,语境因素制约和补充习得者所获取的语言知识.当儿童习得母语时,语境提供语言材料供模仿,并帮助纠正习得过程中的种种误差.在第二语言习得(如汉族人习得英语)过程中,词汇的积累、阅读理解和口头交际等方面都必须依赖具体的语境.     

Reverse Regression,Fairness, and Employment Discrimination

Possible salary discrimination can be studied by comparing mean salaries of, say, males and females, after statistical adjustment for differences in job qualifications. The adjustment is often made by regression, with salary as dependent variable, and job qualifications and sex as independent variables. One might also regress job qualifications on salary and sex, a procedure called reverse regression. Ideas about fairness as well as technical concepts are relevant to discrimination studies. There are two distinct aspects of fairness, one based on comparisons of salary and the other based on comparisons of qualifications. Both concepts are needed to evaluate fairness.     

从BT之死审视P2P技术的法律困境

作为第三代P2P技术的代表,BT是带来了很严重的侵权纠纷。文章在分析P2P系统中各方主体的法律地位基础上,认为除了软件提供者外的种子发布者、种子下载者及种子汇集下载网站都有侵权责任,并且基于这些分析提出解决对策,加强立法明确各方责任,引入强制许可制度、技术改进与集体管理制度的结合,以有效解决侵权纠纷。