Nonparametric Kernel Methods with Errors‐in‐Variables: Constructing Estimators,Computing them,and Avoiding Common Mistakes

Estimating a curve nonparametrically from data measured with error is a difficult problem that has been studied by many authors. Constructing a consistent estimator in this context can sometimes be quite challenging, and in this paper we review some of the tools that have been developed in the literature for kernel‐based approaches, founded on the Fourier transform and a more general unbiased score technique. We use those tools to rederive some of the existing nonparametric density and regression estimators for data contaminated by classical or Berkson errors, and discuss how to compute these estimators in practice. We also review some mistakes made by those working in the area, and highlight a number of problems with an existing R package decon .     

Gendered Sexuality: A New Model and Measure of Attraction and Intimacy

Currently, the literature related to sexual orientation is ambiguous with regard to the relationship of sexual orientation, sexual identity, attraction, and intimacy. In order to explore the relationships of self-identified categorical sexual identity (which is the most popular method of sexual orientation assessment) with attraction and intimacy, it is imperative that researchers have access to a reliable and valid measure of the latter. The present study proposes a model for conceptualizing attraction and intimacy, termed gendered sexuality, and examines the factor structure of a measure designed to assess the construct. Results suggest that four factors adequately accounted for the variance in gendered sexuality in a large sample of young adults. These factors assess attraction to females, attraction to males, intimacy with females, and intimacy with males. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary evidence of potential construct validity and suggested that discrepancies between desired and available behavior predict dissatisfaction in interpersonal role as measured by the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2.     

Residuals and leverages in the linear mixed measurement error models

Residuals are frequently used to evaluate the validity of the assumptions of statistical models and may also be employed as tools for model selection. In this paper, we consider residuals and their limiting properties in the linear mixed measurement error models. Also, we develop types of residuals for these models and then review some of the residual analysis techniques. Further, by using the definition of generalized leverage, we derive generalized leverage matrices for identification of high-leverage points for these models. Finally, we analyse a real data set.     

Approximate estimations in capture–recapture model with heteroscedastic measurement errors

In a capture–recapture experiment, the number of measurements for individual covariates usually equals the number of captures. This creates a heteroscedastic measurement error problem and the usual surrogate condition does not hold in the context of a measurement error model. This study adopts a small measurement error assumption to approximate the conventional estimating functions and the population size estimator. This study also investigates the biases of the resulting estimators. In addition, modifications for two common approximation methods, regression calibration and simulation extrapolation, to accommodate heteroscedastic measurement error are also discussed. These estimation methods are examined through simulations and illustrated by analysing a capture–recapture data set.     

Bivariate deconvolution with SIMEX: an application to mapping Alaska earthquake density

Constructing spatial density maps of seismic events, such as earthquake hypocentres, is complicated by the fact that events are not located precisely. In this paper, we present a method for estimating density maps from event locations that are measured with error. The estimator is based on the simulation–extrapolation method of estimation and is appropriate for location errors that are either homoscedastic or heteroscedastic. A simulation study shows that the estimator outperforms the standard estimator of density that ignores location errors in the data, even when location errors are spatially dependent. We apply our method to construct an estimated density map of earthquake hypocenters using data from the Alaska earthquake catalogue.     

Measurement error effect on the CUSUM control chart

The performance of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart for the mean when measurement error exists is investigated. It is shown that the CUSUM chart is greatly affected by the measurement error. A similar result holds for the case of the CUSUM chart for the mean with linearly increasing variance. In this paper, we consider multiple measurements to reduce the effect of measurement error on the charts performance. Finally, a comparison of the CUSUM and EWMA charts is presented and certain recommendations are given.     

区域经济增长中的区域金融支持策略研究——以陕西省为例

金融市场结构的失衡制约了金融市场整体功能的充分发挥和核心竞争能力的进一步提升。金融市场结构是一个质与量相统一的相对独立系统,一个国家或区域的金融市场结构优化与否则直接反映了其金融市场发展水平的高低。本文通过对陕西省金融业发展的现状进行分析来反映陕西省金融市场结构优化问题。     

油气储量资产与油气资产辨析及其价值计量研究

从会计实务及理论上辨析油气储量资产与油气资产内涵。油气储量资产的关键问题是其历史成本与价值的巨大差异性,公允价值计量是提供高质量油气会计信息的一种方法,但是实现尚有障碍;国际上关于油气资产公允价值计量运用条件满足性研究仍在进行中;历史成本下补充信息披露内容及方式也值得探讨。     

高压旋喷桩在隧道洞顶地表和洞口基地加固中的应用

当前我国大力发展西南地区客运专线项目建设,该地区属云贵高原,山高坡陡,线路设计隧道所占比例较大,沪昆项目隧道所占比例接近70%。隧址区存在地质复杂、地形多变、隧道进出口多存在浅埋、偏压及软弱围岩、洞口基地软基等地质危害,利用高压旋喷桩施工技术对隧道洞口洞顶及基地进行加固,为安全进洞施工及明洞施工提供了安全保证,其中明洞段软基处理可以尽早防治线路工程下沉、冒泥、弹簧土等严重危害运营安全的工程病害。     

中国对外贸易中隐含碳的度量及影响因素研究

国内外学者对我国对外贸易中隐含碳的度量及影响因素进行了深入探讨并取得了诸多成果,研究表明,不管是整体对外贸易还是双边贸易角度,我国基本上都是碳排放的净出口方,出口贸易是我国碳排放量迅速上升的重要因素,但能源消费结构等因素的影响也不可忽视;中国应在全球气候变化中承担相应的责任,采取有效措施,努力减少经济增长过程中碳排放量。同时,学界应从拓展研究视角、更新研究方法等方面进一步深化与拓展现有研究。