Ratio-Scale Measurement with Intransitivity or Incompleteness: The Homogeneous Case

In the homogeneous case of one-dimensional objects, we show that any relation that is positive and homothetic can be represented by a ratio-scale and a unique and constant biasing factor. This factor may favor or disfavor the preference for an object over another. In the first case, preferences are complete but not transitive and an object may be preferred even when its value is lower. In the second case, preferences are asymmetric and transitive but not negatively transitive and it may not be sufficient for an object to have a greater value to be preferred. In this manner, the biasing factor reflects the extent to which preferences may depart from a maximization process.     

The prevalence and composition of asset poverty in Canada: 1999, 2005, and 2012

A household is considered asset poor if its assets (financial assets or net worth, taken separately) are insufficient to maintain well‐being at a low‐income threshold for 3 months. We provide the first national‐level estimates of asset poverty for Canada, using the 1999, 2005, and 2012 cycles of the Survey of Financial Security, and juxtapose these estimates with income poverty. The analysis provides new insight into economic insecurity by showing that asset poverty rates are consistently two to three times higher than income poverty rates. In addition to the prevalence of asset poverty across socio‐demographic groups, we analyzed how the composition of the poor change over time. Age and geography shape the risk for asset poverty in distinct ways. We found that while education appears to play a comparable role in shaping both income poverty and asset poverty, immigration places Canadians at a relatively higher risk of income poverty but not asset poverty. Key Practitioner Message: ? Practitioners ought to consider assets as well as income in assessing economic vulnerability; ? Asset poverty levels are 2–3 times higher than income poverty levels; ? Certain groups (e.g., immigrants) may be income poor but maintain sufficient assets.     

公允价值会计——理论基础与现实选择

会计计量是财务会计的核心问题。作为一种新的会计 ,公允价值会计为知识经济时代大量涌现的无形资产、衍生金融工具提供了更加合理、更加有用的会计计量模式。文章重点讨论的公允价值会计产生的背景和历程以及公允价值会计的实质。公允价值会计的核心是现值的运用。公允价值会计的发展和使用已是大势所趋 ,为我国未来会计准则的制定导向也必然会带来影响。     

人力资源会计理论与方法的探讨

随着知识经济时代的到来,人力资源已经成为包括会计在内的众多学科关注的焦点。在我国,越来越多的学者已经加入到人力资源会计研究的队伍中来。本文主要从人力资源会计模式和人力资源的确认与计量进行分析和探讨。     

预防与惩治学术不端行为之我见

学术不端事件是在特定的环境中产生的,其表现形式形形色色、多种多样,产生了非常恶劣的社会影响,必须采取一些切实可行的措施予以惩治与预防,如弘扬科学道德,改革评价体系,制定严厉的惩处制度,通过反剽窃软件予以验证等,以净化学术空气,还学术界一片纯净的蓝天。     

论毒品纯度与涉毒行为之定罪量刑关系

现行刑法第357条第2款之规定使得我国刑法理论界及司法实务界对于涉毒行为中的毒品纯度问题极为轻忽,体现出较为明显的＂惟数额论＂,因之导致的结果必然是定罪与量刑上的显失公正。毒品纯度不容置辩地与涉毒行为的社会危害性密接相关,其不仅影响罪犯处刑的轻重,而且关涉行为的定性,即牵及行为的罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的问题。对涉毒行为欲实现定罪与量刑上的公允,就必须彻底摒弃＂惟数额论＂,对毒品纯度进行充分考量。     

基于鲁棒性的关键链二次资源冲突消除策略

以关键链方法中的二次资源冲突困境为切入点,从鲁棒调度优化角度提出一种解决策略.首先,采用定量化建模对问题进行数学描述和表达,剖析插入输入缓冲引起二次资源冲突的原理,进而采用场景分析法从复杂的冲突表象中分解出四种基本的冲突场景构成要素.其次,基于鲁棒调度优化理论,探究各种冲突子问题的有效对策并归类,据此开发出一种消除二次资源冲突的局部重调度启发式协调策略;根据策略设计基于两次调度进程和两类缓冲动态消耗的鲁棒性指标,采用鲁棒性关键链项目调度问题输出鲁棒性最大的调度方案.再次,设计仿真程序和三个测试指标:项目实际按期完工率、活动开始时间偏差绝对值之和及偏差绝对值的方差;基于ProGen随机地生成测试算例集合进行数值实验.结果发现,以鲁棒性调度方案为依据安排项目的实施过程,三个统计指标值都优于以传统关键链调度方案为依据时相对应的指标值.结论表明:基于鲁棒调度优化的二次资源冲突消除策略及设计的关键链鲁棒性指标在项目实施中具有较好的稳定性效果.     

高新技术企业财务管理柔性研究

从系统的角度分析了高新技术企业财务管理的特点和不确定性,在此基础上提出了高新技术企业财务管理柔性的概念,构建了财务管理柔性、柔性净效益及其变动幅度的度量方法,运用预控图原理对财务管理柔性进行动态监控。应用实例表明,该方法易于操作,为财务管理柔性评价奠定了基础。     

供应链绩效评价指标体系与评价方法研究

供应链管理(SCM)与现行企业模式有较大区别,其绩效评价指标体系的建立与评价方法也就有其特殊性,目前这方面的研究还略显不足。本文在综合分析现有的SCM评价指标体系的基础上,初步建立了一套适合我国SCM绩效评价的指标体系。同时,给出了SCM绩效评价的多级动态模糊综合评价方法。