农户异质性与团体贷款发展趋势研究——以苏北地区农信社为例

团体贷款机制是小额信贷在国际范围内取得成功的重要原因之一,但是近年来国际上包括最早使用团体贷款机制的孟加拉乡村银行在内的很多小额信贷机构逐步放弃了这种机制,转而采用个人贷款机制。本文以苏北地区农信社的团体贷款为例进行分析,结果表明中国的农村金融机构在实践中也逐步减少使用团体贷款,转而使用个人贷款,同时这种变化趋势在地区间存在明显的差异。实证模型对这种变化趋势的解释为:经济水平的发展使小组成员的经济活动出现异质性,成员之间的借贷需求出现分化,导致金融机构将贷款方式从团体贷款向个人贷款转变。     

Reforming pensions: Principles, analytical errors and policy directions

This article, sets out a series of principles for pension design rooted in economic theory: pension systems have multiple objectives, analysis should consider the pension system as a whole, analysis should be framed in a second-best context, different systems share risks differently, and systems have different effects by generation and by gender. That discussion is reinforced by identification of a series of widespread analytical errors — errors that appear in World Bank work, but by no means only in World Bank work: tunnel vision, improper use of first-best analysis, improper use of steady-state analysis, incomplete analysis of implicit pension debt, incomplete analysis of the impact of funding (including excessive focus on financial flows, failure to consider how funding is generated, and improper focus on the type of asset in trust funds), and ignoring distributional effects. The second part of the article considers implications for policy: there is no single best pension design, earlier retirement does little or nothing to reduce unemployment, unsustainable pension promises need to be addressed directly, a move from pay-as-you-go towards funding in a mandatory system may or may not be welfare improving, and implementation matters — policy design that exceeds a country's capacity to implement it is bad policy design. We illustrate the ranges of designs of pension systems that fit the fiscal and institutional capacity constraints typical at different levels of economic development. The potential gains from simplicity imply that a country capable of implementing an administratively demanding plan does not necessarily gain from doing so. New Zealand has a simple pension system through choice, not constraint.     

中国邮政储蓄银行提供农村金融支持的思考

中国邮政储蓄银行为农村金融发展提供了一条新的途径。为更好发挥邮政储蓄银行支持农村金融的作用,应明确其法律定位为准商业银行,通过制定法律法规,规范邮政储蓄资金回流农业和农村,保障农村金融体系信贷投放能力。同时通过完善中国邮政储蓄银行的治理结构、给予实现政策性功能的优惠措施和建立风险管理机制等,注重邮政储蓄资金回流农村的风险防范。     

Two-stage evaluation of bank branch efficiency using data envelopment analysis

There are two key motivations for this paper: (1) the need to respond to the often observed rejections of efficiency studies’ results by management as they claim that a single-perspective evaluation cannot fully reflect the operating units’ multi-function nature; and (2) a detailed bank branch performance assessment that is acceptable to both line managers and senior executives is still needed. In this context, a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis approach is developed for simultaneously benchmarking the performance of operating units along different dimensions (for line managers) and a modified Slacks-Based Measure model is applied for the first time to aggregate the obtained efficiency scores from stage one and generate a composite performance index for each unit. This approach is illustrated by using the data from a major Canadian bank with 816 branches operating across the nation. Three important branch performance dimensions are evaluated: Production, Profitability, and Intermediation. This approach improves the reality of the performance assessment method and enables branch managers to clearly identify the strengths and weaknesses in their operations. Branch scale efficiency and the impacts of geographic location and market size on branch performance are also investigated. This multi-dimensional performance evaluation approach may improve management acceptance of the practical applications of DEA in real businesses.     

入世后我国银行贷款信用保险发展问题研究

我国加入世贸组织后,面对国外混业经营金融机构的竞争压力,国内银行业和保险业的业务合作将成为一种新的趋势。开展银行贷款信用保险可有效防范银行信用风险,并为保险业提供更广阔的业务空间。本文就我国银行贷款信用保险业务开展现状、存在问题及原因进行了系统研究,并提出了拓展我国银行贷款信用保险业务的政策措施。     

投资银行市场风险管理的VaR方法研究

风险价值方法(V alue at R isk)是近几年发展起来的用以度量和控制金融风险的计量模型。文章使用V aR模型度量了投资银行证券投资业务中的市场风险,应用上海证券交易所的实际数据,具体计算出上证指数的V aR时间序列,论证了应用该时间序列来评估风险大小的方法,为风险价值法在我国投资银行市场风险管理中的推广应用提供参考。     

生态视野下人类文明进程中的困惑——迟子建长篇小说《额尔古纳河右岸》探析

迟子建以她惯有的温情叙述滋养着黑土地文化的写作。长篇小说《额尔古纳河右岸》将生态话语纳入文学书写的维度,为我们展露了现代文明入侵下的鄂温克族民俗文化、生存方式以及生态资源等境况,彰显了在人类文明进程中所遭遇的尴尬、悲哀和无奈。     

以科学发展观促进央行内部控制环境建设

作为中央银行的分支机构,应结合实际着力把对科学发展观的理解与把握,转化为谋划金融发展的正确思路,应该贯彻和谐顺央行的理念,坚持以人为本,加强诚信与职业道德建设,从而促进内部控制环境的建设。     

国外银行服务运营管理理论分析

服务运营管理理论是西方已初步形成的服务管理研究的最主要的内容之一,它以日常服务运营管理为主题,揭示服务运营管理内在的规律。通过对服务管理理论中服务接触、服务质量、排队管理和生产能力与需求管理等四个方面的深入分析,以期对我国商业银行服务运营管理有所启示。     

Private thoughts and public actions:: A commentary on articles dealing with ethical issues in evaluation

This commentary represents a personal reaction to seven articles on ethical issues in evaluation. The author of the commentary begins with two assumptions: (1) Professional evaluators might not have the vocabulary and constructs to analyze their thoughts and actions in ethical terms, and (2) professional evaluators have often confronted troubling situations that probably contain ethical issues embedded within them. Consequently, she queries the seven articles individually and collectively in terms of the following questions: 1. What is the range of ethical problems I might encounter as an evaluator; and how do I recognize the ethical characteristics of professional dilemmas? 2. How do I describe troubling evaluation problems I have encountered that seem to have an ethical component? 3. What are some approaches I have used or might use in thinking about a proper course of action? 4. How do I know if, in a given situation, I have behaved ethically? 5. Where do we go from here?