The Relationship between High School Sector and Educational Success: Focusing on the Social Background of Private High School Students

This study investigates the influence of high school sector on educational success in Japan. A range of previous research on disparities among high schools has revealed that high school rank (based on the academic ability of pupils, etc.) originated from the democratization of high school. However, given that the democratization of high school is supported by private high schools, high school sector may become a factor for high school ranking. The data used for the analysis are the 2005 National Survey of Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) in Japan. The results indicate that students who enter private high schools have lower academic ability than students who enter public high schools. By contrast, private high school students have greater educational success than public high school students. Moreover, this study reveals that private high school students are generally from a higher social class than public high school students. Given that the use of entrance examinations for private junior high schools has been increasing since the 1990s, in the future, the effect of private schools on educational success may become stronger in not only high schools but also junior high schools. This study thus emphasizes the importance of paying greater attention to the relationship between educational success and the private and public school sectors.     

Parental Work Schedules and Children's Cognitive Trajectories

Previous work has shown an association between mothers' nonstandard work schedules and children's well-being. We built on this research by examining the relationship between parental shift work and children's reading and math trajectories from age 5/6 to 13/14. Using data (N=7,105) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and growth curve modeling, we found that children's math and reading trajectories were related to parents' type of nonstandard shifts (i.e., evening, night, or variable). We found that having a mother who worked more years at a night shift was associated with lower reading scores, having a mother work more years at evening or night shifts was associated with reduced math trajectories, and having a father work more years at an evening shift was associated with reduced math scores. Mediation tests suggest that eating meals together, parental knowledge about children's whereabouts, and certain after-school activities might help explain these results.     

哲学视域下的中国环境问题追根溯源

改革开放以来,中国的社会经济实现了快速发展,但与此同时,生态环境也付出了沉重的代价.虽然中国环境问题形成的原因是十分复杂的,但从根源上看,还是思维方式问题,唯意志论的世界观、人类中心主义的价值观、不科学的发展观、不公正的伦理观、片面的私德观、缺位的政绩观是中国环境问题产生的哲学思想根源.我们要以马克思主义的生态观和党的十七大报告为指导,落实科学发展观,"坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策",在全社会牢固树立生态文明的世界观.     

契丹的由来和辽代的建元（下）

根据历史文献、出土文物对契丹民族的名称、由来、发展、地位、成就进行了系统的论述,指出契丹是黄帝的后裔,从汉代进入畜牧业时代。辽代实行唐代的文化制度,是当时东亚地区政治军事中心,在中国的历史上具有重要地位。     

Perceptions of Achievement and Achieving Peers in U.S. and Chinese Kindergartners

Two studies were conducted to examine perceptions about achievement and achiev‐ing peers in 190 U.S. and Chinese kindergartners. Children provided free‐narrative responses to story beginnings about an achieving protagonist in school settings. We found marked cultural differences. For achievement, U.S. children perceived more intellectual development, positive affects of the protagonist, and adult praise, where Chinese children perceived more social respect and their ability to help others. For lack of achievement in non‐achieving peers, U.S. children identified more negative affects, and Chinese children anticipated more negative reactions from adults. Moreover, although children in both cultures used non‐ability factors to explain achievement, Chinese children did so more consistently. Most strikingly, whereas Chinese children often expressed peer respect and desire to emulate the achieving protagonist, U.S. children frequently attributed peer negative reactions toward him or her. We interpret these differences as reflecting U.S. and Chinese cultural values regarding learning, achievement, and related self‐other perceptions.     

湖南绅士与晚清实业建设

在内忧外患的双重打击下,晚清的中国社会被迫走上了一个急剧变革的时代,传统的价值观念受到了严峻的挑战。湖南绅士为了抵御外来的经济侵略,在清末新政的热浪中,掀起了一个实业建设的新高潮,一批受过西式教育、拥有近代经营理念的新派绅士逐渐取代了旧派绅士,成了晚清实业建设的主要社会力量。     

Linguistic Capital and Academic Achievement of Canadian- and Foreign-Born University Students

Au Canada, plusieurs universités prennent des mesures pour recruter des immigrants ou leurs enfants et satisfaire leurs besoins—et parmi eux plusieurs ont l'anglais comme langue seconde. Il n'y a pas de recherches au Canada qui comparent la progression potentielle du capital linguistique des étudiants ayant l'anglais comme langue seconde et celui des autres étudiants au fil de leur parcours universitaire, avec les relations entre les progressions du capital linguistique et de l'acquisition des connaissances. L'auteur montre dans cette étude que, contrairement aux étudiants canadiens et ceux nés à l'étranger pour lesquels l'anglais est la première langue, le capital linguistique des étudiants nés à l'étranger dont l'anglais est une langue seconde s'accroît au cours des quatre années d'études universitaires. Cependant, cette augmentation du capital linguistique ne correspond pas à une augmentation de l'acquisition des connaissances.
In Canada, many universities are taking steps to recruit and meet the needs of immigrants and/or their sons and daughters, many of whom have English as a second language (ESL). There is, however, no research in Canada comparing potential increases in the linguistic capital of ESL and other students over the course of their university careers and the connection between increases in linguistic capital and academic achievement. In this study, it is shown that in contrast to Canadian- and foreign-born students for whom English is a first language, and Canadian-born ESL students, the linguistic capital of foreign-born ESL students increases over 4 years of university study; however, this increase in linguistic capital is not paralleled by an increase in academic achievement.     

平衡记分卡在我国的研究应用及存在的问题

文章介绍了平衡记分卡（Balanced Scorecard简称BSC）的基本框架和步骤,论述了平衡记分卡与战略管理的关系,分析了平衡记分卡在我国企业应用中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了用平衡记分卡进行企业战略管理的建议和方法。     

试论高校思想政治工作的“真”

思想政治工作是我党的优良传统和政治优势.高校作为国家培养高层次人才的一个重要基地,它的思想政治工作是党的思想政治工作的一个重要组成部分.真、善、美是哲学领域的重要范畴,三者的统一是一切科学包括思想政治工作这门特殊社会科学的追求.其中,真是善和美的根本前提,也是思想政治工作的生命力所在.高校思想政治工作要实现真、善、美的统一,必须首先坚持真,即讲实话、办实事、求实效.     

翻译标准研究的新发展——翻译标准新论述评

作为翻译理论核心之一的翻译标准 ,一直是翻译界关注的且争论不休的重要课题。自改革开放以来 ,翻译标准研究在我国有了新的发展 ,取得了可喜的成绩。与过去相比 ,究竟有哪些进展和突破 ?这些标准有哪些价值和不足 ?本文拟就这些内容进行探讨 ,以寻求答案