Microdata Access and Labor Market Research: The U. S. Experience

Summary: The paper illustrates the value of broad researcher access to survey and administrative microdata using examples drawn from the U. S. experience, outlining how analyses of trends in earnings inequality, poverty and employment dynamics using such data have benefited policy makers and contributed to improvements in statistical agency data products. Methods of facilitating researcher access, including the release of public use files, the use of licensing agreements, and the establishment of research data centers, are discussed. * The author thanks Anne Polivka, Marilyn Seastrom and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper.     

Dynamic factor models

Summary Factor models can cope with many variables without running into scarce degrees of freedom problems often faced in a regression-based analysis. In this article we review recent work on dynamic factor models that have become popular in macroeconomic policy analysis and forecasting. By means of an empirical application we demonstrate that these models turn out to be usefu in investigating macroeconomic problems.     

多普勒测速技术的新进展

七十年代以来,随着对固体材料冲击波的研究,激光多普勒测速技术有了新进展:广量程和高解析度.最早用于冲击波研究的是位移干涉仪,其局限性是被测速度不能超过200m/sec.为了扩大量程,继而研制出速度干涉仪,从方法上解决了高速度的测量.但速度干涉仪对测速物体表面有磨光的要求,这也限制了它的实际应用.解决的方法是引入广角迈克尔逊干涉仪,以利用物体自然表面的漫射光,这就是对任何反射物的速度干涉仪系统,即VISAR.VISAR是目前激光多普勒测速仪器中最具代表性的一种,本文作了重点介绍.     

人工物技术创造过程中的隐蔽场所理论

作者借鉴系统科学研究的方法,对人工物的技术创造过程及中心法则进行比较分析,指认二者为具有逻辑相应性的同态过程,以中心法则为技术创造的同态概念模型进行分析,反应出信息要素的表达在产品使用价值构成中的关键地位,进而揭示出使用价值的生成存在一个不同于产品制造的场所——一个在以往被忽略了的隐蔽场所。     

激光超声的光学零差探测

激光巨脉冲在金属铝块上产生超声波,由光学零差探测得到超声引起的后表面位移的波形。文中分析了探测信号与位移的关系,导出了系统灵敏度公式。用激光超声测得铝块厚度与实际值很好地吻合,同时测出了系统的最小可探测位移。     

Three models of OPEC leadership and policy in the aftermath of Iran

Collapse of the Shah's regime has transformed Iran's attitude regarding oil production policy. The nature of OPEC leadership is changing as well. Three models examine the nature of this leadership inside OPEC: (1) the conventional price leadership model, (2) a model emphasizing a concept of egalitarian leadership, and (3) a team model composed of coalitions. The three models establish the limits within which OPEC leadership is exercised. A composite model drawing upon all three sets of results suggests that Saudi Arabia shapes cartel policy not by itself, but through a dominant coalition of states. For most of the period 1969–1978 this coalition has been stable. Following the unsettling changes of 1973, cooptation of Iran into the dominant coalition in 1974 was an important step in achieving a new level of stability. But during the turbulence of regime transformation in Iran, the nature of the governing coalition appears to have changed. One consequence may be that in the future Saudi Arabia will yield more willingly to arguments heard within OPEC on behalf of upwards price pressure, especially in an atmosphere of growing political isolation and overall tight supply.     

Debt management in a small open economy: A theoretical and an empirical study for Belgium

This article analyzes the effects of debt management and its consequence for the control of base money in a small open economy (Belgium). The study compares the effects obtained from a small theoretical model with the results of a larger empirical model.The theoretical model focuses on the financing of government by money operation, on the bond rate, and on the international reserve of the Central Bank.The empirical model is a medium-term one, including the demand and the supply sectors of the economy and permitting simultaneous analysis of real and financial variables.The effects of an endogeneous or exogenous debt management have been studied by numerical simulation of modification in the public expenditure, the world trade, and the discount rate.     

无波蕩器自由电子激光非线性分析

本文对低导引场无波荡器自由电子激光进行了非线性数值计算分析。结果表明,这种自由电子激光工作在毫米波段时,电子束在纵向及横向均有净动能交给信号波,具有很高的互作用效率(32％);而且,腔体长度较短,腔体直径较大,易于加工制作。     

A longitudinal study of some dimensions of socioeconomic development: Turkey 1948–77

Aspects of socioeconomic development in Turkey between 1948 and 1977 are studied through the use of obliquely rotated principal compenents. The results indicate that long-term developmental trends, which appear in the cross-sectional studies of Adelman and Morris, were slowed down by problems of sociopolitical integration during the sample period. In addition, the analysis shows that multivariate techniques such as compenent analysis can be used at the initial stages of theory construction in the field of socioeconomic development. The hypotheses developed via these methods are testable by others that use the deductive approach.     

GSM光束与表面粗糙度

激光束照射到粗糙表面时,其散射光可以看成是GSM光束,从这一观点出发,建立了表面粗糙度参数与GSM光源特征参数之间的关系,进而分析了散射光束的横向和纵向相干特性。本文提出的模型与已有报道的实验比较,符合得相当好。