Why spouses depress each other: A cross‐national study to test the shared resource hypothesis in depressive symptom concordance within older adult couples

The shared resource hypothesis suggests that married couples share the same environmental resources, which shape their health concordance. This study tests its cross‐national applicability. Cross‐sectional 2012–2013 Health and Retirement Study data from China, England, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Heterosexual couples (age ≥60) who were married or partnered were studied (N = 20,565 pairs). Dyadic data were analyzed by multilevel models to examine the effect of self and spousal social and physical health statuses on depressive symptoms. Regression models were used to test the relationship between couples' shared resources and depressive symptom concordance. Results indicated both husbands and wives' depressive symptoms were associated with their own and spouses' social and health statuses. Most couple‐level resources were insignificant predictors for Chinese and Mexican couples' concordance, but having more social and financial resources was associated with higher concordance among British and American couples. Self‐reported health was the most consistent predictor in all countries. The shared resource hypothesis was more applicable to depressive symptom concordance within couples in the United States and England, but not in China and Mexico. Couple‐centered intervention is suggested for clinical practice, and the spousal effect should be considered in policymaking.     

Gender,work, and childcare in Kazakhstan,Mongolia, and Russia

The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.     

Sexual Orientation as a Peripheral Cue in Advertising: Effects of Models’ Sexual Orientation,Argument Strength,and Involvement on Responses to Magazine Ads

This study examines how sexual orientation of couples featured in magazine advertisements affects heterosexual viewers’ responses using the elaboration likelihood model as a framework. A 3 × 2 × 2 × 3 experiment tested effects of sexual orientation, argument strength, involvement, and attitudes toward homosexuality on heterosexuals’ attitudes toward the couple, advertisement, brand, and product, purchase intentions, and recall. Results indicate that consumers were accepting of ads with lesbian portrayals. Participants showed more negative attitudes toward gay male portrayals, but attitudes toward heterosexual and lesbian ads were similar. This effect was moderated by participants’ attitudes toward homosexuals. Low-involvement consumers showed more negative attitudes toward homosexual portrayals than toward heterosexual portrayals, indicating that sexual orientation may have served as a peripheral cue negatively impacting attitudes toward the couple and ad under low elaboration. These effects were not observed for attitudes toward the brand and product, purchase intentions, or recall.     

中国社会养老的文化分析

本文关注福利文化对社会养老制度和实践的影响,从文化视角审视中国现代社会养老项目的发展,揭示了老年社会福利模式与特定社会政策制定者对社会福利概念的理解和传统福利文化之间的关系。限定主义的价值观和公民权利意识的缺失阻碍着中国老年社会福利模式从剩余性到制度性的转变,抑制了社会福利在缩小老年群体内阶层差异方面的作用,促使了福利资源分配的不公。尽管人口老龄化和福利国家的文化扩散正在促使中国老年社会福利呈多元化发展趋势,多元福利体系的最终建立还有赖于社会公众和政策制定者对个人和国家关系的重新解读。     

FDI对中国经济增长的区域效应和动态效应

以我国各个省市作为横截面单元,利用各横截面单元1988~2005年的样本组成面板数据,进而建立动态面板数据模型来考察FDI对我国不同地区经济增长的影响。结果表明,FDI对我国经济增长具有促进作用,但是滞后2期FDI对我国经济增长具有负面影响。同时,FDI对不同地区的影响有显著差异,对东部地区而言,FDI对经济增长的效应最为明显。     

组织内派系形成的网络动态分析

本文以行动者的模拟模型考察公司中的雇员形成派系的过程。基于互惠原则与资源交换理论，模型展示了互助行为使人与人之间产生连带，逐渐形成在内部相互支持的群体，这种群体进一步排除他人的参与，并最终在组织中形成了派系。在考察影响派系形成的因素时，本文选取了与工作环境相关的两个变量以及表达组织气氛的一个变量。曲线图展示了本文的实验结果：接近或超过个人极限资源量的工作量和越不平均的工作量分配状况越有可能提高派系形成的速度和数量，并可能导致派系的不断分裂；而太小的工作量与过于均等的工作分配可使个体交往倾向减弱而处于相对孤立状态。
     

高等院校物流专业人才培养模式探讨——以琼州学院为例

物流业是一个朝阳产业,随着社会经济发展对各层次物流人才需求的急速增长,我国物流教育得到了快速发展,从20世纪90年代以来,全国绝大多数高等院校开始开设了物流管理和物流工程专业,目前教育部备案和批准设置物流本科专业的高等院校已达500所以上,为社会输出大量的各层次物流管理操作人才。根据三亚的区位特点和物流产业的现状,以琼州学院为例,对物流专业人才培养模式进行探讨。     

企业集团人力资本投资的影响因素及其决策分析

企业集团是一种不同于一般企业的组织形式 ,其人力资本投资与一般企业相比有不同的特征和影响因素。企业集团人力资本投资决策的正确与否 ,直接关系到企业集团的生存与发展。本文运用基于模糊集理论的人力资本投资决策模型 ,进行了实际应用分析 ,并提出了相应的决策方法和途径。     

中国对俄直接投资对中俄贸易的影响

中国对俄直接投资的迅速发展必然会对中俄贸易产生一定的影响.为深入分析中国对俄直接投资的贸易效应,采用面板数据模型,对中国对俄直接投资与进出口之间的关系进行实证研究,并将俄罗斯与中国其他主要投资东道国的情况进行比较分析.结果表明:中国对俄直接投资具有显著的出口创造效应与进口创造效应,且出口创造效应高于进口创造效应;与其他主要投资东道国相比,中国对俄直接投资对出口的促进作用较强,而对进口的促进作用较弱.     

东北地区农业合作发展模式探析

东北地区地域辽阔,资源丰富,东北三省区位和基础设施具有整体性,是一个统一的地理单元,地缘关系比较紧密,这就决定了在以市场为导向、以农产品增效、农民增收为目标的农业结构战略性调整过程中,协调发展、合理取舍,可以在更广阔的范围内整合资源,构造区域经济优势,参与国内国际市场竞争,以取得最佳效益。因此,东北农业选择区域化合作发展模式,是在我国加入世贸组织及世界经济日益一体化的形势下,地方政府发展农业经济的一种积极有效的应对措施。