Managing stakeholder pressures: Toward a typology of corporate social performance profiles

Why do some firms ignore some stakeholders while courting others? We propose two key drivers of firms' social postures and derive from this analysis a novel typology of corporate social performance (CSP) profiles. Although we expect that other drivers exist, we argue that a useful starting point for understanding any given CSP profile is to consider the pressure exerted on an organization by its stakeholders in conjunction with its level of resource endowment. Our preliminary typology identifies six distinct CSP profiles that reflect different opportunities and risks for stakeholder management: the CSP Vanguard, Opportunist, Generalist, Minimalist, Specialist, and Laggard. All else equal, the first two CSP profiles imply more nonmarket opportunities than risk, whereas we expect Laggards and Specialists to face greater risk in their responses to social and environmental issues. According to our framework, Generalists and Minimalists probably operate between these two extremes of business risk. Our conceptual analysis seeks to advance research and practice for more strategic stakeholder management.     

浅论生态包装及其方法

为了减轻商品包装对环境的负面影响,本文对现有的包装进行了反思,提出了生态包装设计的概念,详细阐述了生态包装设计的基本过程与方法,以及对包装设计师提出的新的要求.     

澳大利亚职业教育培训包体系述评

从培训包体系的建立、行业参与开发、国家保障实施、全国统一的质量评估标准以及完善的质量认证体系等方面,考察澳大利亚职业教育培训包体系的历史发展脉络、开发过程及其实施情况,扼要阐述培训包实施中的优势与不足,并以其培训包体系的鲜明特色引以为鉴.     

计算机网络安全与防火墙技术

计算机网络的不断发展,加快了我国企业和全社会信息化的脚步,同时网络安全问题已成为信息时代人类共同面临的挑战,网络安全问题也日益突出。全面分析了目前计算机网络安全问题,探讨了网络安全策略,通过主要的防火墙技术来分析如何提高网络安全性能,从而保证网络的安全。     

清末浙江厘金包认制的形成与演变

出于提高征收效率以应对口岸海关制度竞争的目的，清末浙江厘金征收制度逐渐向着包认制转变，商人同业组织开始承担起越来越多的征收职能。虽然在实际运行中，官商之间达成的包税协议因个人私利的过度营求而显得脆弱不堪，但它对此后营业税的倡办及整个财政体制的近代化转变提供了必要的条件。     

我国农产品出口包装问题探讨

入世三年多来 ,我国农产品出口虽有增长 ,但远低于预期 ,且前景不容乐观 ,究其原因 ,出口农产品的包装质量问题是一个不可忽视的因素 ,它直接影响消费者的购买取向。因此 ,应尽快改进包装设计 ,努力提高其包装价值 ,务求农产品顺利获得国际通行证 ,保持和占有更多的国际市场份额。     

利用贝叶斯算法过滤报文内容分析系统中的垃圾信息

利用基于概率统计方法的贝叶斯算法,对报文内容分析系统中的垃圾信息进行过滤.该算法的实现,是通过一定的算法来分析大量的相关信息和不相关信息中多种单词特征出现的概率,从而建立一张单词特征表,并依据这张表借助一个评分系统来判断目标文件的相关性.本算法具有一定的自适应性。能根据垃圾信息不断变化出现的形式自动进行特征表更新,从而不断地实时提高本身的判断效率.     

论中国传统元素在包装设计中的运用

中国是历史悠久的文明古国,中国的传统元素题材广泛,内容丰富,形式多样,有许许多多我们可以借鉴的文化精髓。中国传统元素体现了中国优秀传统文化的博大精深,具有深厚的历史文化底蕴,具有鲜明的地域性和民族性。这一风格凝聚了中华民族几千年的智慧和精华,同时也体现出了中华民族所特有的审美情趣。只有真正地了解中国传统文化,才能将传统文化的精神实质表现出来,也才能将中国的传统元素在包装设计中发挥得淋漓尽致,充分体现出我国优秀的传统文化和民族文化,使之走向世界。随着中国国力的增强和国际影响力的不断提高,需要我们把中国的优秀传统文化推广到世界各地,增强中国的软实力和国际影响力,由工业大国向工业强国转变,由中国制造向中国创造转变,生产、设计出更多的由中国制造的世界名牌产品,到那时中国才会真正成为世界强国。     

Improved nonparametric tolerance intervals based on interpolated and extrapolated order statistics

The standard approach to construct nonparametric tolerance intervals is to use the appropriate order statistics, provided a minimum sample size requirement is met. However, it is well-known that this traditional approach is conservative with respect to the nominal level. One way to improve the coverage probabilities is to use interpolation. However, the extension to the case of two-sided tolerance intervals, as well as for the case when the minimum sample size requirement is not met, have not been studied. In this paper, an approach using linear interpolation is proposed for improving coverage probabilities for the two-sided setting. In the case when the minimum sample size requirement is not met, coverage probabilities are shown to improve by using linear extrapolation. A discussion about the effect on coverage probabilities and expected lengths when transforming the data is also presented. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated using three real data sets.     

基于生态文明视角的绿色物流发展策略

绿色物流是生态文明的内在要求,生态文明的建设离不开绿色物流的发展,绿色物流是手段,生态文明是结果。我国在发展绿色物流时,物流运作主体忽视生态文明建设的内在要求,缺乏对生态文明建设与绿色物流产业发展间制约关系的明确认识,所以需从政府和企业两个层面构建基于生态文明视角的绿色物流发展策略。只有完善的绿色物流发展策略,才能保证我国生态文明建设的持续快速发展。