Determinants of Interoutsourcing: An Analytical Approach

Interoutsourcing is a round‐way process in which the vendor is its customer's customer and the customer is its vendor's vendor. While interoutsourcing is emerging as a prominent outsourcing strategy in many industries, there are no rigorous analytical studies focusing on this mechanism. In this article, we analytically demonstrate the efficacy of interoutsourcing by comparing it with normal outsourcing. Our results show that, compared with normal outsourcing, interoutsourcing acts as a self‐enforcer of vendor firms' behaviors toward increasing outsourcing service value. However, in situations where there is a mismatch of outsourcing activities, a high degree of incentive that is based on outsourcing service value, and a high cost of capital, interoutsourcing is not preferred to normal outsourcing. We discuss these results in detail and provide managerial implications for firms involved in interoutsourcing decisions.     

人力资源管理新视角：论社会工作理念方法的应用

在提倡“以人为本”理念的今天,员工的工作生活质量被提到了与组织绩效同样重要的高度,如何消减员工压力,增强和保持员工的满意度成为人力资源管理的一个重要课题。社会工作秉持“助人自助”的工作思路和“使案主全面自由发展”的工作目标,为解决人力资源管理领域的这一课题提供了新的视角。     

Exponential random graph models of preschool affiliative networks

Exponential random graph models were used to assess the relevance of reciprocity, popularity, transitivity controlling for effects based upon ego and alter sex, and sex homophily, on the formation of affiliative ties in 19 Portuguese preschool peer groups. The number of times two children were recorded as nearest neighbors in focal samples was used as an indicator of the relationship's strength. Independent parameter estimates of the different models (one for each group) were summarized, separately for the three age groups (“3-year-olds”, “4-year-olds” and “5-year-olds”) using a multi-level approach to meta-analysis. Results showed that affiliative ties between children were sex segregated, highly reciprocal, more likely to be directed to a restricted number of children and with a tendency to create transitive triads. The structural processes underlying the formation of affiliative ties were quite stable between classrooms.     

Advancing Methodological Knowledge Within State and Local Demography: a Case Study

Much of the academic literature dealing with state and local demography involves the development and evaluation of methods for estimating population. The focus on estimation methods is not surprising because they are used in many states to allocate resources. The quality control in regard to the validity and reliability afforded these methods by the traditional academic peer review process is important because, among other things, it serves to reduce the high potential for conflict that exists when resources are at stake. There are, however, methods being used by state and local demographers that have not been subject to peer review. While not necessarily unsound, these fugitive methods serve to keep the potential for conflict high because of the uncertainty regarding their validity and reliability. This paper examines just such a situation in the form of a case study. It is a discussion of a regression model developed in Nevada following the 2000 census that led to conflict over its use to estimate the population of Clark County, Nevada in 2002. The discussion reveals statistical and methodological shortcomings in this model that lead to an alternative model not subject to these shortcomings. This example illustrates how this type of analysis and discussion can lead to a wider understanding of methods on the part of practitioners through the corrective process of academic peer review. It also suggests that states in which estimates are used to allocate resources would be well-served by subjecting new methods being considered for use to academic peer review before they are adopted.     

大禹与传统文化模式研究的现代转换

大禹和中华传统文化之形成关系密切。大禹治水是“救灾建国”理论的第一次明确的政治实践,其目的是寻找粮食以解决生存危机。在“灾民恐惧”之下,救灾英雄由此成为中国政治文化的主宰者,其逻辑是强权执政和恩人执政。二者合谋必然导致的楷模型政治成为我国文化模式的主要特征,楷模政治是一种历史的幻象,其本质是一种超人专制,而大禹是这种政治文化最早的历史偶像之一,对大禹的新解读是文化现代转换路径实现的必要步骤。     

碳汇林业的木材收益与碳汇收益评价的实证分析

碳汇林业建设在全球经济、政治、社会和生态方面发挥越来越重要的作用。中国作为发展中国家的代表,已成为碳汇供给的主力之一,碳汇林业建设更具战略意义。在碳汇交易的利益导向下,对碳汇林业的收益进行评价是推进碳汇林业建设的关键。采用Hartman木材与生态舒适性产出评价模型,对河北省邢台市任县永福庄乡林业的木材收益及碳汇收益进行评价,可以得出当地碳汇林的最优轮伐期为10年,并计算得出最优化的综合收益预期值。     

基于评级模型的违约率估计

违约率是信用风险建模的核心输入变量,文章基于评级模型对违约率进行估计。估计违约数据很少的低违约组合的违约率是一个比较困难的问题,用最大谨慎原则方法解决这类问题时结果偏大,过于保守。文章将最大谨慎原则的思想与极大似然方法相结合,估计了低违约组合的违约率。估计的结果比仅用最大谨慎原则得到的结果很大程度上降低了保守度。     

纯粹经济损失探析

纯粹经济损失是因对人身权利和有形财产权利益以外的利益的侵害所直接导致的受害人一般经济利益的损失。纯粹经济损失的可赔偿性一直是颇具争议的问题,各国的普遍做法是以“排除性规则”为原则,但同时创设一些例外。合同法和侵权法是各国对纯粹经济损失进行救济的基本法律途径,另外将案件类型化也是一个重要的手段。我国应该加强对纯粹经济损失的研究和立法。     

Embeddedness of Organizational Capabilities*

Managers must regularly make decisions on how to access and deploy their limited resources in order to build organizational capabilities for a sustainable competitive advantage. However, failure to recognize that organizational capabilities involve complex and intricately woven underlying processes may lead to an incomplete understanding of how capabilities affect competitive advantage. As a means of understanding this underlying complexity, we discuss how managerial decisions on resource acquisition and deployment influence capability embeddedness and argue that capability embeddedness has an incremental effect on firm performance beyond the effects from organizational resources and capabilities. To investigate these issues, we present a hierarchical composed error structure framework that relies on cross‐sectional data (and allows for generalizations to panel data). We demonstrate the framework in the context of retailing, where we show that the embeddedness of organizational capabilities influences retailer performance above and beyond the tangible and intangible resources and capabilities that a retailer possesses. Our results illustrate that understanding how resources and capabilities influence performance at different hierarchical levels within a firm can aid managers to make better decisions on how they can embed certain capabilities within the structural and social relationships within the firm. Moreover, understanding whether the underlying objectives of the capabilities that are being built and cultivated have convergent or divergent goals is critical, as it can influence the extent to which the embedded capabilities enhance firm performance.