Blinking During and After Lying

We tested the hypothesis derived from eye blink literature that when liars experience cognitive demand, their lies would be associated with a decrease in eye blinks, directly followed by an increase in eye blinks when the demand has ceased after the lie is told. A total of 13 liars and 13 truth tellers lied or told the truth in a target period; liars and truth tellers both told the truth in two baseline periods. Their eye blinks during the target and baseline periods and directly after the target period (target offset period) were recorded. The predicted pattern (compared to the baseline periods, a decrease in eye blinks during the target period and an increase in eye blinks during the target offset period) was found in liars and was strikingly different from the pattern obtained in truth tellers. They showed an increase in eye blinks during the target period compared to the baseline periods, whereas their pattern of eye blinks in the target offset period did not differ from baseline periods. The implications for lie detection are discussed.     

存在与生命的自由选择——论托尼·莫里森两部小说中的萨特式存在主义思想

《最蓝的眼睛》和《宠儿》在哲学视角上体现了让-保罗.萨特存在主义哲学中的"自欺"理论和"他者"理论,处处流露出莫里森对人类,尤其是黑人生存环境和命运的思考,阐释了个体不同的选择行为会造成不同的命运结局。     

伪自传构建的真实性陷阱——以洛桑然巴《第三只眼》的自传叙事为中心

作者署名为“洛桑然巴”的作品《第三只眼睛》曾被西方人视为了解西藏的权威性著作。但是这部“西藏喇嘛的自传”因作者虚构的藏人身份导致其“事实的真实”基础被拆解，但在另一方面，这部作品“叙述的真实”却往往使读者落入“事实的真实”的陷阱，其深层原因就在于这部作品虚构的神秘的西藏形象切合了西方社会对西藏的集体想象。     

最忧伤的“我”——《最蓝的眼睛》中爱的种族阐释

对美国黑人女作家托尼·莫里森的处女作《最蓝的眼睛》进行了深刻的阐释，认为小说首次使用黑人小女孩做故事的主角，关注黑人小女孩在种族歧视下的“忧伤”和迷失，是美国黑人题材小说的一个新突破。从种族歧视下的亲情错位、文化殖民中的爱情之殇、“双重意识”下爱的变异几个方面对小说进行了解构，分析了种族歧视的内在化所导致的爱的缺失和变异给成长中的小女孩带来的毁灭。     

Gender Differences for Specific Body Regions When Looking at Men and Women

The goal of the present study was to provide first evidence for gender differences in gaze patterns while looking at the body of men and women. For this purpose participants were exposed to 30 pictures of 15 male and 15 female models in casual clothing. The individual scan paths were recorded using an eye-tracker. The results show that both male and female observers primarily gaze at people’s face. Only after this initial face-scan, men look significantly earlier and longer at women’s breasts, while women look earlier at men’s legs. These observations uncover important aspects of the pattern of the human gaze at others and particularly reveal important gender differences.     

BOOK REVIEW

No abstract available for this article.     

《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人自我认同

以《最蓝的眼睛》为文本,从佩科拉的遭遇揭示非裔美国人在以西方为中心的社会同化作用下的问题与困境,探究佩科拉身份迷失的内外因素,进而指明非裔美国人只有获得正确的身份认同,才能在保全自己民族性的基础上得到个人生存的继续和发展。     

强势文化冲击之下的黑人文化流失——从《最蓝的眼睛》透视

《最蓝的眼睛》通过描写在强势文化冲击之下的黑人文化流失,告诉读者:以白人文化和生活方式作为价值取向,会给黑人带来困惑和错乱;如果放弃黑人文化,迷失在白人文化的冲击中,只能造成人生的悲剧。     

Using a Familiar Risk Comparison Within a Risk Ladder to Improve Risk Understanding by Low Numerates: A Study of Visual Attention

Previous experimental research provides evidence that a familiar risk comparison within a risk ladder is understood by low‐ and high‐numerate individuals. It especially helps low numerates to better evaluate risk. In the present study, an eye tracker was used to capture individuals’ visual attention to a familiar risk comparison, such as the risk associated with smoking. Two parameters of information processing—efficiency and level—were derived from visual attention. A random sample of participants from the general population (N= 68) interpreted a given risk level with the help of the risk ladder. Numeracy was negatively correlated with overall visual attention on the risk ladder (r_s=?0.28, p= 0.01), indicating that the lower the numeracy, the more the time spent looking at the whole risk ladder. Numeracy was positively correlated with the efficiency of processing relevant frequency (r_s= 0.34, p < 0.001) and relevant textual information (r_s= 0.34, p < 0.001), but not with the efficiency of processing relevant comparative information and numerical information. There was a significant negative correlation between numeracy and the level of processing of relevant comparative risk information (r_s=?0.21, p < 0.01), indicating that low numerates processed the comparative risk information more deeply than the high numerates. There was no correlation between numeracy and perceived risk. These results add to previous experimental research, indicating that the smoking risk comparison was crucial for low numerates to evaluate and understand risk. Furthermore, the eye‐tracker method is promising for studying information processing and improving risk communication formats.     

边缘生态·民间智慧·世道沧桑——论《天眼》的境界独特性和内蕴丰厚度

彭见明的长篇小说《天眼》选择湘楚民间的相术文化及相关社会生态正面写实,既趣味盎然地描绘了一种底层社会的边缘性风俗画卷,又深刻地参悟和阐释了民间相术所包含的处世境界和生存智慧,并以此为基础洞察世事沧桑和人心善恶,其中体现出创作主体以民间智慧＂拯世＂＂渡人＂的精神意图。小说由此显示出既具境界独特性又具内蕴丰厚度的艺术品质。