Marital Status and Other Correlates of Personal Bankruptcy, 1986–2004

ABSTRACT

Relying on National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) data, this retrospective cohort study found that 11.6% (n = 882) of the eligible study sample (N = 7,609) declared personal or nonbusiness, nonentrepreneurial between 1986 and 2004. These debtors had average annual incomes that were about 2.5 times official poverty thresholds. Those who were divorced in 2004 were most likely to have declared bankruptcy (16.4%), followed by separated (13.9%), married with spouses present (11.2%), and never–married (7.0%) persons. Specific correlates of bankruptcy varied by year. Marital status was associated with likelihood of declaring bankruptcy in only 6 of 14 survey years: Never-married persons at the time of declared bankruptcy were less likely than married persons to declare, whereas formerly married persons, whether divorced or separated, were more likely than married persons to do so. Formerly married persons who declared bankruptcy bounced back economically to a lesser degree than did married persons, even though their predeclared bankruptcy levels of economic well-being were roughly equivalent. Interaction effects showed that formerly married women were more likely to declare bankruptcy than their male counterparts.     

Vyāghranomics in space and time: Estimating habitat threats for Bengal,Indochinese, Malayan and Sumatran tigers

The wild tiger population in tropical Asia has dropped from about 100,000 to 3500 in the last century, and the need to conserve tiger habitats poses a challenge for the Global Tiger Recovery Program. This paper develops and uses a high-resolution monthly forest clearing database for 74 tiger habitat areas in ten countries to investigate habitat threats for Bengal, Indochinese, Malayan and Sumatran tigers. The econometric model links forest habitat loss and forest clearing to profitability calculations that are affected by market expectations, environmental conditions and evolving patterns of settlement, among others. It uses new spatial panel estimation methods that allow for temporal and spatial autocorrelation. The econometric results emphasize the role of short-run market variables, including the exchange rate, real interest rate and prices of agricultural products in forest clearing, with considerable variation in the estimated timing for response and impact elasticities across countries. The results highlight a critical message for the conservation policy community: Changes in world agricultural-product markets and national financial policies have significant, measurable effects on tropical forest clearing, with variable time lags and degrees of responsiveness across countries. Measuring these effects and pinpointing areas at risk can provide valuable guidance for policymakers, conservation managers, and donor institutions.     

《抱朴子外篇》宋本考论

宋本《抱朴子外篇》今实物无存。但是,根据相关的史籍我们可以判定,宋本《抱朴子外篇》存在十卷、二十卷、三十卷、五十卷等多种版本,并且有一定佚亡,但是其基本内容应该与今本相差无几。宋本《抱朴子外篇》趋向今本是比较明显的。     

定州《论语》分章考

河北定县八角廊汉简《论语》之性质约有二说,李学勤先生以其为《齐论》,刘来成、单承彬先生则认为是《鲁论》。实际上,王素先生已经指出,由于郑氏注本以及传本或今本都是融合本,谁也没有见过真正的《齐论》和《鲁论》,根据这种比较是无法确定简本《论语》的性质的。王素先生认为简本分章一般较今本为少,从而否定简本为《齐论》说。但考今本章数,三十章以上凡六篇,而简本虽已残缺,其残存的十枚章数简高于三十章者即有五简,简本最高章数四十七章也高于《集解》本最高章数四十四章。因此,王素先生根据古书《齐论》章数多于《鲁论》的记载所判定的简本和今本《论语》归属,恰恰是南辕北辙。有学者认为汉代《论语》文本的出现都是在《古论》发现之后,本文不能赞同。武帝时经学出现由齐转鲁的倾向,以《鲁论》为主,融合《齐论》的文本应在张禹之前就已出现。因此,八角廊汉简《论语》很可能是与古、齐、鲁三家《论语》并行而内容互有同异的一种文本。     

《南齐书》卷五十七《索虏传》校议

南朝梁萧子显所撰《南齐书》前人多有校勘考订。近年中华书局出版的王仲荦先生校点本,综合前人成果并多有创见,诚为迄今所见之精本。然不足之处,亦时有所见。本文就其中之第五十七卷《索虏传》作些校议,以供再版时参考。     

从回目的角度谈《平妖传》的版本问题

<平妖传>的版本问题复杂,多数学者认为二十回本在先,四十回本在后,而欧阳健先生却认为二十回本是四十回本的删节本,我们拿二十回本的回目和四十回本的回目相比较,发现了二十回本回目的特点是"实用",而四十回本相较于二十回本却"精工"很多,从"实用"到"精工",这恰恰是章回小说回目的发展历程,依此,我们可以断定二十回本在前,四十回本在后.     

从《宋史·刑法志》看宋代的司法制度

在学术界对传统文化的研究中,司法制度是一个薄弱环节.宋代的司法制度,在前代的基础上有着相当的发展,近年来关于宋代司法制度的研究,虽发表了一些有见解的文章,作了某些专题探讨,但却未成体系,难窥全貌.本文通过<宋史·刑法志>中对宋代强化中央集权的立法思想的阐述,论述宋代的司法制度,反映出宋代的司法特色,给我们当今的法治建设带来启示.     

Bringing Technology to School: An Online Resource Guide for the School Social Worker

SUMMARY

The Internet can assist social workers and other human service professionals to obtain information that may potentially benefit both themselves and their clients. There is little doubt among those who are familiar with the Internet that this electronic medium has revolutionized the way we communicate and access knowledge. This article provides school social workers and other human service professionals with links to resources that can be incorporated into practice by offering specific Web pages related to school social work practice.