Texting among United States young adults: An exploratory study on texting and its use within families

The current study examines general text messaging tendencies, patterns of and reasons for texting family members, and the impact of texting on familial relationships among a young U.S. adult sample. Participants were recruited through Facebook; they then completed an online questionnaire. Data from 127 young adults (men: 38; women: 87; unidentified: 2) are analyzed and compared by gender. Findings suggest that young adults text at high rates per month. Participants generally report a prompt response to texts and their ability to honestly express feelings within these messages. Results also suggest participants text family members for a variety of reasons, such as to convey information, plan activities, and engage in general conversation. Distinct gender differences, however, are evident regarding who men and women text as well as texting's effects on familial relationships. Overall, these findings expand researchers’ understanding of texting in general and its impact within the family.     

日语三段式谜语的认知语用学解释

日语三段式谜语的“谜面”和“谜底”表面上看来似乎毫无关系，但是通过“共通点”可以发现它们之间存在某种关联。由于谜面和谜底有一定的间距．并不具有最大关联性，同时谜语是人为有意识创作的语言游戏，没有特定的对象，所以要顺利推导出谜底需要借助猜谜者的语境知识。本文拟从认知语用学的角度阐释如何运用认知语境知识推导出合理的、出谜者所期待的谜底。     

互动在认知建构中的定位

认知在互动过程中不断趋同,又不断分化与超越。互动使各种不同表征的认知系统相互作用,联结建构成具有差异的统一体。在互动过程中,互动个体的认知状态经历了＂初始建构者＂＂孤独建构者＂和＂社会建构者＂三个不同阶段。互动建构的知识并非都是真理。互动所形成的稳定语境,即具有排他性,也具有保护性。权力强加于社会,迫使个体参与权力规训的社会互动,使社会语境发生了根本性的改变,但有时权力无法抗拒原有社会语境从而默认原有社会语境的存在。     

美中西部大开发的异同

美中西部开发有很多不同之处 ,表现在内涵与性质、地理与历史条件、经济发展状况与经济背景、政治与文化传统、国际国内形势与时代背景等方面。两者的相似之处也有 ,却不是很多。     

英语习语在新闻标题中的临时变体

英语习语的临时变体广泛应用于新闻标题语篇。通过分析大量的新闻标题,研究习语临时变体在新闻标题语篇中的语义功能和美学功能,探讨新闻标题语篇中英语习语的临时变体类型,将之划分为语义返朴变体、词汇替代变体和句法结构变体,并结合认知语言学比喻优先理论、概念整合理论和多义推导理论对3种变体类型分别进行理据分析。     

英语学习中的英汉语言差异研究*

语言是文化的载体。每种语言都有其独特的表现形式，反映出不同的社会文化。外语学习者只有通晓所学语言的特殊性，并与自己的母语进行对比分析与研究，掌握两种语言的共通性和差异性，才能最大限度的摆脱母语影响，减少语用失误，从而在语言的学习和应用过程中做到得心应手。立足于对英汉语言的结构意识、外部形态、词性对照、表达习惯以及标点符号的功能分析，剖解其差异性，以期更好地指导英语教学和提高学生的学习效果。     

英汉礼貌用语的语用差异

受中西方文化差异的影响及不同的礼貌原则的指导，英汉两种语言虽有相对应的礼貌用语，包括招呼语、称谓语、请求语、谦语和敬语，但却在实际的语用中存在着较大的差异，这些差异的存在往往会导致跨文化交际的中断或失败。因此在跨文化交际中，交际双方要排除母语文化的干扰，正确把握和准确使用礼貌用语，从而达到理想的交际效果。     

概念隐喻视角下拟人的构建及其认知力

以往对拟人的研究局限于修辞学范畴,主要考察拟人的修辞功能和效果。认知语言学认为,拟人既是一种语言现象,也是一种思维方式。Lakoff＆Johnson的概念隐喻理论认为,隐喻是一种普遍的思维方式,而拟人也是一种隐喻。拟人隐喻思维很好地解释了拟人作为一种语言现象普遍存在的原因。在认知语言学的概念隐喻理论框架下,探讨拟人的构建及其认知力,有助于加深对拟人的理解和运用。     

Shy but Getting By? An Examination of the Complex Links Among Shyness,Coping, and Socioemotional Functioning in Childhood

The purpose of the current study was to test a conceptual model of the mediated and moderated associations among shyness, coping strategies, and socioemotional functioning in middle childhood. Participants were 358 children (177 boys) aged 9–13 years (M = 10.16 years, SD =.95). Children completed self‐report assessments of shyness, coping style in response to a social stressor, internalizing problems, and peer difficulties. Among the results, shyness was positively associated with internalizing symptoms and negatively related to perceptions of peer difficulties. However, both of these associations were partially mediated by internalizing coping styles. Moreover, problem‐solving coping moderated these mediated pathways: among children who reported higher levels of problem‐solving coping, the associations between internalizing coping and outcomes were attenuated. Several gender differences also emerged, suggesting that problem‐solving coping may be particularly useful for shy boys. Results are discussed in terms of the complex but potentially critical role of coping in shy children's socioemotional functioning.     

浅析中英文化差异和翻译

本文探讨了中英文化差异对翻译的影响的表现，提出了解决的途径。