Origins of the epithet ‘government by public relations’: Revisiting Bruce Catton's War Lords of Washington, 1948

While it might make public relations professionals and faculty cringe, the term ‘government by public relations’ is a negative one, implying that governmental decision-making is guided by appearances rather than on the merits. This tag line is a relatively common American put-down of politicians and senior civil servants. This article examines the origins of the term, locating its usage in the WWII memoirs of Bruce Catton, then a government public information officer and later a renowned popular historian of the American Civil War. Catton's use of the term, his 1948 book War Lords of Washington, and his philosophy of government public information are examined in more detail to give context to the phrase ‘government by public relations.’     

论中国传统宗教(上)

中国传统宗法性宗教、本土道教以及产生于明清二代的民间宗教构成中国传统宗教的内容。中国传统宗教形式多样,历史久远。"敬天法祖"的天神崇拜和祖先崇拜是中国传统宗法性宗教的核心。道教和民间宗教是中国自己创立的作为社会形态的教派宗教。中国传统宗教在长期的历史发展中形成了多神崇拜及其互融、宗教信仰的政治化、入世情怀和天(神)合德等诸多特点,而这些特点对中国传统文化重社会人生的价值取向和重天人合一的思维方式以及深层的民族心理结构都产生了重大而又深远的影响。     

伦理建构与神性启示--论十九世纪西方文学中基督教人道主义的内涵

在19世纪西方的现实主义文学中,除了存在世俗人道主义外,还存在基督教人道主义精神,即以上帝的名义对人类进行关爱.而基督教人道主义又包括伦理建构和神性启示两种内涵.其共同之处在于都是以上帝的名义关怀人,以促进道德完善为己任.而区别在于前者只是一种道德理想主义,而后者所体现的爱不是一种形而上学的伦理学建构,而是源于人悲剧性处境的先验设定和人有限性的体现的一种神性启示,它所追求的目标是具有生存价值论意义的人性提升与超越.     

中国加入世贸组织关税谈判的政治经济分析

众多研究者视中国加入世界贸易组织为一个经济重组与改革的策略,借牺牲＂旧的＂经济达到市场化的目的,因此进入世界贸易组织的谈判实质上反映这一改革议程。这一看法与实情不尽吻合。入世关税减让的考虑其实是一个比较复杂的程序,涉及政府仔细地平衡各个社会和政治力量及因素。     

网络“审丑”泛化对大学生思想行为的影响及对策研究

伴随着互联网技术的迅速发展，网络已经深入到大学生生活的每个角落，在缤纷复杂的网络世界中，形形色色的信息充斥着大学生的视野。当媒体和个人都以不健康的眼光对待网络审丑时，错误的世界观、人生观、价值观、与审美观就可能使大学生难以明辨是与非、美与丑。以丑为美，趋丑避美，长此以往，网络审丑泛化将会给社会公众，尤其是正在成长的大学生造成思想混乱、主流价值观颠覆及社会主流文化形态变异的趋势，应引起我们高度重视，是网络思想政治教育领域迫切需要研究和亟待解决的新问题。     

Blood Money: Bayer’s Inventory of HIV-Contaminated Blood Products and Third World Hemophiliacs

This article presents an overlooked case of research misconduct and violations of basic principles of medical and business ethics. When Bayer’s Cutter Laboratories realized that their blood products, Factor VIII and IX or antihemophiliac factor (AHF), were contaminated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the financial investment in the product was considered too high to destroy the inventory. Cutter misrepresented the results of its own research and sold the contaminated AHF to overseas markets in Asia and Latin America without the precaution of heat treating the product recommended for eliminating the risk. As a consequence, hemophiliacs who infused the HIV-contaminated Factor VIII and IX tested positive for HIV and developed AIDS.     

Engendering Global Democracy

The inadequacies of hegemonic liberal democratic ideas and institutions have been exposed by feminist theorists focusing on the marginalisation of women and by global theorists examining the impact of globalisation. These theorists have developed two distinct sets of reconstructive strategies that, until very recently, have remained in ignorance of each other. Further, both feminist and global democratic schemes have been dogged by problems in terms of their theorisation of power, politics, agency and change. Recent feminist arguments about citizenship and governance go some way to bringing together concerns about gender inequality and globalisation, but they remain centred on states and the states-system as vehicles for democratic representation and participation. This article argues that a more radical reconstructive strategy can be derived from debates about the democratisation of feminism itself. Drawing on the responses of black and third world feminists to racism in the white-dominated feminist movement, and examining their influence on efforts to organise transnationally, the article points to innovative ways of thinking about power, politics, agency and change. Together these amount to a democratic framework which has applicability beyond feminist organising and which confronts the marginalisations of both gender and globalisation.     

The Hobo Anomalous: Class,minorities and political invention in the Industrial Workers of the World

This article is an analysis of minority political invention in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Against the tendency in recent social and cultural theory to dichotomize class and difference, it argues that it was in and through the IWW's formulation of class that minority political and cultural invention occurred. Using the framework of Deleuze and Guattari's minor politics, the article shows how the IWW's composition in the simultaneously diffuse and cramped plane of work operated against the major political identities and subjects of worker, immigrant, American, citizen and 'people', and towards the creation of minority political knowledges, tactics and cultural styles premised on the condition that 'the people are missing'. Seeking to understand the IWW's modes and techniques of invention, the article explores the general plane of IWW composition, its particular political and cultural expressions (in songs, manifestos, cartoons and tactics), and its minor mode of authorship. The article focuses in particular on two aspects of IWW minority composition, the itinerant worker, or hobo, and the politics of sabotage.     

明末清初来粤的传教士与西学东渐

明末清初基督教第三次入华时 ,随着社会的进步 ,耶稣会士们采取的是“文化传教”策略 ,在将西方先进文化大量介绍来中国的同时 ,极力融合中西文化 ,以收事半功倍之效     

江泽民对马克思社会发展理论的继承与发展

马克思在"世界历史"理论与东方社会理论中,科学地昭示了未来社会发展的方向,揭示了社会历史发展的普遍性与特殊性的统一;江泽民继承和发展了马克思的社会发展理论,提出了"世界多样性"、"努力实现我国生产力发展的跨越"的新观点,以及以人为本的社会发展新理念,并对社会主义现实与共产主义理想作出了新的解释,既是对现实社会主义走出低潮的科学探索,又是我们深入研究社会发展问题的理论基础。