虚拟经济探微

随着发达国家经济虚拟化程度的加深 ,全球经济在运行过程中出现了许多新问题 ,这使得国内外许多学者越来越重视对虚拟经济问题的研究。从系统科学的角度看 ,虚拟经济是与实体经济相对应而在经济系统中存在的经济活动模式。虚拟经济的发展经历了闲置货币的资本化、生息资本的社会化、有价证券的市场化、金融市场的国际化和国际金融的集成化五个发展阶段。虚拟经济系统具有复杂性、介稳性、高风险性、寄生性和周期性的特性     

宁夏发展县域经济的问题与对策

宁夏县域经济发展受频繁的自然灾害、较低的产业层次、突出的区域差距等因素的制约。文章主要探讨了宁夏县域经济发展中存在的问题,提出了加快县域经济发展的几点建议,如在政策导向上要分类发展,要发展县域工业以增加工业反哺农业的积累,要防止城镇化成为“城建化”,转移剩余劳动力,等等。     

体验经济与云南旅游业的发展

本文将旅游业的发展与繁荣放在体验经济的时代特征下来考察 ,提出了浅层旅游与深度旅游的概念。云南旅游业存在着的不足 :就是云南旅游业还徘徊与游离在深度旅游的“人文体验”的核心之外 ,没有提升云南山水自然资源的人文附加值 ,也没有使云南独特的历史文化从死的知识变为活的活动 ,更没有使云南多样性民族文化生态资源 ,经过富有创意的开发后变成活色生香的体验项目     

中国平滑式转型启动的经济学原理--20世纪80年代城镇民营经济重新崛起的契机

中国平滑式体制转型是从所有制结构调整启动的,然而非公有制经济在原计划经济体制时期是受排斥的,那么改革初期为什么会在所有制结构的发展方向上出现180°大转弯呢?详细考察历史,我们可以发现所有制结构调整改革是在当时的就业压力下发生的,1978-1979年,由于知青集中返城使本来已经相当严峻的就业形势压力更大。为了解决失业问题,政府提出“三结合”的就业方针,这一适应性的政策调整行为启动了所有制结构改革,从而使城镇民营经济得以应运而生,所有制结构这个传统计划体制的核心和最难触动领域的改革取得了突破。这一实例反映出平滑式体制转型启动的经济学原理:改革突破口选择的最大压力原则,沿阻力最小化路线推进的边际改革原则和让生产者即期获益的速效原则。     

循环经济:三个方面的深化研究

随着循环经济成为国家战略,我国循环经济理论与实践已经处于需要深化研究的阶段。回顾1998年以来我国循环经济理论与实践的发展,对需要进一步理清和深化的问题进行评述。在此基础上, 从定位、理论和战略三个方面提出了深化循环经济研究的框架体系和发展方向。     

我国医院经济运行管理信息化研究

随着医院信息化进程不断加速,海量数据仅靠人工处理几乎是不可能实现的,因此亟需一套完整的信息化系统,来整合分析数据,提高医疗效率和医疗效果。     

Some new constructions of circular balanced repeated measurements designs

Repeated measurements designs are widely used in medicine, pharmacology, animal sciences, and psychology. In this article, some infinite series are developed to generate the balanced repeated measurements designs for p (periods) even. For p odd, construction procedures are also described. Catalogues of the proposed designs are also presented for p = 5, 7, 9, when v ≤ 100.     

Some count-based nonparametric tests for circular symmetry of a bivariate distribution

In this paper, we revisit the problem of testing of the hypothesis of circular symmetry of a bivariate distribution. We propose some nonparametric tests based on sector counts. These include tests based on chi-square goodness-of-fit test, the classical likelihood ratio, mean deviation, and the range. The proposed tests are easy to implement and the exact null distributions for small sample sizes of the test statistics are obtained. Two examples with small and large data sets are given to illustrate the application of the tests proposed. For small and moderate sample sizes, the performances of the proposed tests are evaluated using empirical powers (empirical sizes are also reported). Also, we evaluate the performance of these count-based tests with adaptations of several well-known tests such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov-type tests, tests based on kernel density estimator, and the Wilcoxon-type tests. It is observed that among the count-based tests the likelihood ratio test performs better.     

Bayesian inference for circular distributions with unknown normalising constants

Very often, the likelihoods for circular data sets are of quite complicated forms, and the functional forms of the normalising constants, which depend upon the unknown parameters, are unknown. This latter problem generally precludes rigorous, exact inference (both classical and Bayesian) for circular data.Noting the paucity of literature on Bayesian circular data analysis, and also because realistic data analysis is naturally permitted by the Bayesian paradigm, we address the above problem taking a Bayesian perspective. In particular, we propose a methodology that combines importance sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) in a very effective manner to sample from the posterior distribution of the parameters, given the circular data. With simulation study and real data analysis, we demonstrate the considerable reliability and flexibility of our proposed methodology in analysing circular data.     

Multivariate distributions defined in terms of contours

The paper deals with the problem of using contours as the basis for defining probability distributions. First, the most general probability densities with given contours are obtained and the particular cases of circular and elliptical contours are dealt with. It is shown that the so-called elliptically contoured distributions do not include all possible cases. Next, the case of contours defined by polar coordinates is analyzed including its simulation and parameter estimation. Finally, the case of cumulative distribution functions with given contours is discussed. Several examples are used for illustrative purposes.