公民社会：一个概念的历史考察

纵观西方“公民社会”概念的历史演变过程，可以发现其理论内涵先后发生了三次重大的转变。在古代，公民社会是一个与自然状态相对应的概念，但到了近代，西方思想家开始提出一种建立在国家和社会二分法基础上的公民社会观，而在现代，人们又开始用国家-市场-社会三分法来代替国家和社会二分法，并在此基础上重新界定了公民社会的内涵。     

Cold wars and hot issues: management of responsibilities

This paper provides a review of the Ninth International Conference of the Academy of Human Resource Development (Asia Chapter) that took place in Shanghai, China on 11–14 November 2010. In addition to providing a brief review of the pre-conference workshops and keynote addresses, this paper presents the outcomes of the conference using four main themes: (1) corporate training; (2) the development of key personnel; (3) career development and work-life balance; and (4) organizational learning and learning organization. In conclusion, the authors share their thoughts on the contributions of international conferences to the field of human resource development.     

论市场经济转型中的政府职能转变

在中国市场经济转型过程中，如何正确认识处理市场与政府关系、促进政府职能转变一直是困扰我们的关键问题。文章认为，当今的中国社会仍处在如何从早先极端政治化的“全能国家”与“全能政府”中“侧生”出一个市场经济条件下相对独立的“非政治化”领域的阶段，即由改革前的计划经济体制与无所不包的“全能国家”、“全能政府”为搞活经济不断让利放权、自主限权，收缩权力触角并让渡和创造出越来越多的公民个人世俗活动空间。只有逐步摒弃并祛除由来已久的“人治”和“官本位”传统，依靠制度法治建设压缩政府权限，维持把握市场与政府行为的边界，中国市场经济才有可能稳定健康地发展下去。     

Patterns of Informal Help and Caregiving in Sweden: A Thirteen-Year Perspective

This article analyses informal help and caregiving in Sweden with a focus on the scope and trends of change over time. The discussion is based on the results of three national surveys and of one survey conducted in the county of Stockholm. The results indicated that informal help and caregiving was common throughout the period under study. In the 1990s, the figures were fairly stable, while from the late 1990s to 2005 there seems to have been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of such support. Two interpretative perspectives are used to discuss this pattern. One locates its point of departure in recent welfare state changes and in the substitution argument, according to which cuts in welfare services put more pressure on people to provide informal help and care. The second perspective relates to the present debate on civil society and to its possible role in contemporary society. According to the civil society perspective, an increase in the prevalence of informal help and caregiving might be interpreted as an expression of growing civic involvement 'in its own right', without a straightforward and simple relationship to changes in the welfare state. It is argued in the article that the two frames of interpretation should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but rather that they represent two partly complementary approaches to the understanding of the complex dynamics of unpaid work in contemporary Swedish society.     

论公民社会与社会工作——公民社会视角下的中国社会工作

回顾改革开放以来的几十年,中国正在由一个高度政治化的社会向一个多元化的公民社会演变,政府职能开始转变,民间社会从政治权力中逐渐分离出来,并显示了巨大的能量。大政府、小社会的政治格局正在发生变化,社会工作在这一背景下也在悄悄的改变。本文就是具体论述在这一转变之后,社会工作和公民社会间的关系。首先对公民社会中的社会工作进行宏观考察,分析公民社会下社会工作、国家权力和公民三者之间的关系。公民社会与社会工作之间存在互动的关系。两者之间相互影响,相互作用。社会工作对公民社会的作用有:社会工作为公民提供帮助,救助公民于危难之时;社会工作帮助公民解困;社会工作帮助公民更好地发展。公民社会对社会工作的作用:公民社会监督社会工作组织;公民社会监督和保护社会工作者;公民社会在经济上支持社会工作。     

Harnessing civil society's knowledge for development policy: Potential and challenges for the Republic of Yemen

This exploratory case study investigated Yemeni civil society actors’ actual and potential contribution to policy‐making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, in the sectors prioritized in Yemen's national development strategy. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Sana'a between January and July 2015 with policy‐makers, researchers from academic institutions and civil society organizations. More specifically, this article discusses the role that YPRIs play in the public policy landscape of Yemen; the challenges they face in their interaction with policy‐makers; the opportunities they represent for policy actors in Yemen; and the factors enabling and limiting their influence, communication, inclusiveness and capacity. The authors conclude by contextualizing their findings within the ongoing conflict and drawing lessons for post‐war policy‐making in Yemen.     

晚清科举中的矛盾现象及分析——谈科举考试的社会功能

1905年,中国历史上延续了1300年的科举制度被废除。一百多年来,对于科举制度的研究中,西方学者以置身事外的身份和历史社会学的眼光看得更为深刻和系统。近年来,重新认识科举的呼声在壮大。本文将科举制度与晚清的社会结构相联系,着重阐述清代社会危机下的科举制度所呈现出的矛盾现象,并以此为分析对象,探讨清代社会结构的变动及科举制度在这种变动之中体现出的社会功能,即在18世纪和19世纪的中国,由人口增长所引发的社会危机中,科举制度的存在成为缓和与转嫁这种危机的关键,发挥了强劲的社会调和的功能,进而使中国社会的稳定得到维持。     

职业道德建设与我国卫生体制改革

本文根据<公民道德建设实施纲要>关于职业道德的基本要求,结合卫生行业实际,提出了卫生行业各部门工作人员应遵循的具体职业道德要求,并就如何通过卫生体制改革促进卫生职业道德建设提出了自己的见解.     

Civil Society Research Funding from a Global Perspective: A Case for Redressing Bias,Asymmetry, and Bifurcation

This paper adopts a global perspective to review the current situation with respect to the systematic study of civil society. It locates the analysis in a geohistorical framework, arguing that, as a distinct area of scholarship, contemporary civil society research is a two-track post-Cold War phenomenon exhibiting major shortcomings. A new type of dedicated research financing and process of allocation could redress today's research limitations in ways that will beneficially cross-fertilize parallel approaches and epistemological traditions while increasing the spread of centers dedicated to such knowledge generation. The analysis leads to suggestions for a civil society research agenda and investment principles.