异化、合理化与客观化--论经典社会学理论对现代性的批判

反思现代社会是经典社会学理论得以形成的前提.马克思、韦伯和西美尔等经典社会学家都从各自的理论系统出发对资本主义社会展开了现代性批判.马克思围绕异化展开了人本主义批判和政治经济学批判;韦伯立足于合理化两种逻辑给出了意义丧失和自由丧失的时代诊断;西美尔批评资本主义文化的客观化趋势,把资本主义困境归结为客观文化与主观文化之间的悖论.马克思切中了资本主义现代性之根基,为韦伯和西美尔的现代性诊断提供了宽广的视野.     

德国普及严肃音乐的文化政策及对我国的启示

随着我国经济的发展,人民群众的物质精神生活水平得到了显著的提高,然而大众对于严肃音乐的接受程度仍然较低。以严肃音乐最为发达的德国为例,分析德国社会对于严肃音乐的认识、德国政府对艺术团体的公共资助策略以及相应的音乐教育普及情况,并根据中国国情,提出促进我国严肃音乐发展的策略。     

Examining the ‘Conservative Revolution’: Neoliberalism and Social Work Education

Within social work education, there may be a failure to adequately and critically examine neoliberalism and processes of neoliberalization. In this context, those seeking to grasp the meaning of neoliberalism should be attentive to at least six interconnected components: how we might define neoliberalism in relation to the ‘embedded liberalism’ it endeavoured to supplant or displace; the role of the state within neoliberalism; the concept of ‘accumulation by dispossession’ which illuminates how neoliberalism has constantly aimed to redistribute in favour of the rich; the centrality of insecurity and precariousness; the renewed and retrogressive faith in incarceration and, more broadly, what has been termed the ‘new punitiveness’; and how neoliberalism, in practice, is often at variance with the theory and rhetoric. It will be suggested that contemporary interpretations of neoliberalism by, for example, David Harvey and Pierre Bourdieu—along with the insights of Antonio Gramsci—might aid our understanding during a period of, now perhaps, faltering neoliberalization.     

《诗经·国风》中的植物英译及中国文化意象的传达

文章在统计和总结汪榕培、潘智丹的《英译〈诗经·国风〉》著作中所出现的植物名称的种类、英译的基础上,从训诂学、名物学、文学翻译等角度对其英译进行分析。目的是考证其英译和文化意象的传达,希望对中国典籍英译实践有一定的借鉴作用。笔者首先分析《英译〈诗经.国风〉》共出现的79种植物英译,认为其中值得商榷的有＂唐＂、＂条＂、＂黍＂和＂稷;＂然后提出相应的更能＂传神达意＂的翻译,尤其强调传达原作中特有的中国文化意象;还探讨了上述翻译欠妥的原因。最后文章简要说明了文化意象传达在典籍翻译中的重要性,并就《诗经》乃至典籍翻译提出了三方面建议。     

对自由主义的考察与认识

自由主义是西方国家的主流政治思潮,自其理论流派创立以来,对世界政治实践和政治文化产生了重要影响。面对自由主义在中国的影响,我们应以马克思主义为指导,吸收借鉴其积极方面,摒弃消极因素,正确认识自由主义。     

刑事古典学派共犯本质理论思想基础评析

刑事古典学派产生于17世纪,该学派主张自由意志论,反对决定论,并以此为逻辑起点形成了客观主义刑法理论。不仅仅给刑法学研究带来了新的方法,而且为形成为刑法理论的思想基础,确立了宪法高度的罪刑法定原则,从而可能建立客观判断形式的构成要件理论。但是,由于过度追求人权和罪刑法定主义的价值理念,在此基础上,客观主义刑法理论也带来了诸多缺陷。     

面向中学的古典诗词教学设计

汉语言文学师范专业人才培养的目标,旨在培养基础教育领域从事语文教学的专业人员,因此课程设计应兼顾当前基础教育领域课程改革对教师在人文素养和职业技能等方面的要求。本文以古典诗词的教学为切入点,针对中学语文对古典诗词教学的要求,探讨大学阶段古典诗词的教学方法,力求在大学文学课程教学与中学语文教学之间形成有效的链接。     

论朝鲜古典诗话理论的东方美学特征

朝鲜古典诗学作为东方艺术的一部分,具有抒情言志的表现说的东方美学特征,这与偏重于再现说的西方美学特征不同,与此相应,比起西方诗学的分析性和系统性的理论美学形态,朝鲜古典诗学具有直观性和经验性的经验美学形态.     

鲍德温•斯宾塞与后维多利亚时代的古典人类学

The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying.     

Morality and politics: Comparing alternate theories

Debates about the American “culture wars” have led scholars to develop several theories relating morality to political attitudes and behaviors. However, researchers have not adequately compared these theories, nor have they examined the overall contribution of morality to explaining political variation. This study uses nationally representative data to compare the utility of 19 moral constructs from four research traditions – associated with the work of Hunter, Lakoff, Haidt, and Schwartz – for predicting political orientation (liberalism/conservatism). Results indicate that morality explains a third of the variation in political orientation – more than basic demographic and religious predictors – but that no one theory provides a fully adequate explanation of this phenomenon. Instead, political orientation is best predicted by selected moral constructs that are unique to each of the four traditions, and by two moral constructs that crosscut them. Future work should investigate how these moral constructs can be synthesized to create a more comprehensive theory of morality and politics.