西部开发之刑事法治问题探索

西部地区有其独特的“区情”,要为西部大开发创建良好的刑事法治环境,就必须考虑其传统的地域法律文化、多样的犯罪诱惑因素和落后的司法实际状况等具体“语境”,从而讲策略地准确打击犯罪和分层次地有效预防犯罪。     

科学认知范式的形成及其检讨——对中国传统哲学理解方法的讨论

近代自然科学成果被介绍到中国之后,中国学者将其视为对中国传统思想资源具有特别功能和特殊价值的学术研究方法。对科学作为学术研究方法意识的形成和科学在中国传统哲学研究中的应用两方面进行深入分析发现,科学认知范式在开掘中国传统哲学资源中的科学价值、建立新的学科、推动中国传统哲学转型等方面都具有积极意义,但对中国传统哲学中的人文精神可能产生消极影响。     

Cohort patterns in adult literacy skills: How are new generations doing?

Skills are core elements of the socio-economic prospects of individuals, while they also improve national productivity, growth and social cohesion. Understanding how skills evolve over time and what drives their evolution has become a policy priority of many European countries. Using the 1994–1998 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) and the 2012 Survey on Adult Skills (PIAAC) we build synthetic cohorts and examine how the population gains, loses or preserves cognitive skills (literacy) over time. While, as expected, deterioration in the level of skills due to ageing is common to almost all the European countries studied, for some of them concerns arise for the occurrence of skill deterioration across generations, especially among less well-educated and medium-educated individuals. Certain countries appear to be doing a poorer job in providing the necessary literacy skills over successive generations.     

城市化水平愈高会愈减少歧视吗?——中国城市居民与外来务工人员之间的社会距离

文章通过对2005年全国综合社会调查数据分析,发现随着一个城市城市化水平的增加,城市居民对居住在这个城市的外来务工人员的歧视态度也愈加严重;沿海地区城市居民比内陆地区城市居民对外来务工人员的歧视度要高。     

‘Cruel and unusual punishment’: an inter-jurisdictional study of the criminalisation of young people with complex support needs

Although several criminologists and social scientists have drawn attention to the high rates of mental and cognitive disability amongst populations of young people embroiled in youth justice systems, less attention has been paid to the ways in which young people with disability are disproportionately exposed to processes of criminalisation and how the same processes serve to further disable them. In this paper, we aim to make a contribution towards filling this gap by drawing upon qualitative findings from the Comparative Youth Penality Project – an empirical inter-jurisdictional study of youth justice and penality in England and Wales and in four Australian states. We build on, integrate and extend theoretical perspectives from critical disability studies and from critical criminology to examine the presence of, and responses to, socio-economically disadvantaged young people with multiple disabilities (complex support needs) in youth justice systems in our selected jurisdictions. Four key findings emerge from our research pertaining to: (i) the criminalisation of disability and disadvantage; (ii) the management of children and young people with disabilities by youth justice agencies; (iii) the significance of early and holistic responses for children and young people with complex support needs; and (iv) the inadequate nature of community based support.     

Different relationships for coping with ambiguity and uncertainty in organizations

This study seeks to shed light on the relationship between the situation and the activation of specific relationships. We hypothesized that the type of uncertainty present in a situation would prompt people to call upon different relationships based on different types of trust: cognitive trust for expertise and affective trust for friendship. We elaborated vignettes as name generators to test whether the colleagues called upon in different situations were perceived as being more friends or more experts. The perceived level of expertise and friendship were evaluated with Likert-style scales. The results support our theoretical argument to the effect that the “activation” of a relationship is influenced by the type of uncertainty a person is confronted to. Situations of information uncertainty elicit recourse to relationships based on expertise while ambiguous situations call for friendship.     

试从概念隐喻的角度解读《致橡树》

上世纪90年代左右开始成形的认知语言学,为语言研究开拓了新的视角,即以认知角度研究语言现象和语言产出。概念隐喻理论是其中非常重要的理论。概念隐喻理论解读隐喻的思维方式。通过概念隐喻为基础,探讨著名朦胧派诗人舒婷的《致橡树》。     

Judgmental overconfidence: Three measures, one bias?

Overconfidence is used to explain various instances of detrimental decision making. In behavioral economic and finance models, it is usually captured by misperceiving the reliability of signals and results in overweighting private information. Empirical tests of these models often fail to find evidence for the predicted effects of overconfidence. These studies assume, however, that a specific type of overconfidence, i.e. “miscalibration,” captures the underlying trait. We challenge this assumption and borrow the psychological methodology of single-cue probability learning to obtain a direct measure for misperceiving signal reliability. Our findings indicate that the perception of signal precision and measures of miscalibration are unrelated. We thus conclude that in order to test the theoretical predictions of the overconfidence literature in economics and finance, one cannot rely on the well-established miscalibration bias.     

跨文化语境中的伊斯兰影响研究

本文以但丁的《神曲》为载体,以先知登宵故事在欧洲的传播为线索,研究伊斯兰文化如何在跨文化的语境中进行传播,以及此种传播如何扩大了伊斯兰文化的世界影响力并使得中世纪的欧洲文化带有显著的混合文化的特点。     

Armed and Aging: Dementia and Firearms Do Not Mix !

ABSTRACT

The possibility that persons with dementia possess firearms is cause for concern, but only a limited number of research studies have been conducted on such a topic, usually in the form of case reports. Reducing the occurrence of the firearm-related violence requires effectively identifying dangerous individuals and keeping firearms out of their hands. The health care professionals, i.e. the social workers and the physicians, need to work together and to produce a suitable evaluation of patients with dementia to prevent firearm-related injuries and serious and irreparable damage to persons.