Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

The Cry Wolf Effect and Weather‐Related Decision Making

Despite improvements in forecasting extreme weather events, noncompliance with weather warnings among the public remains a problem. Although there are likely many reasons for noncompliance with weather warnings, one important factor might be people's past experiences with false alarms. The research presented here explores the role of false alarms in weather‐related decision making. Over a series of trials, participants used an overnight low temperature forecast and advice from a decision aid to decide whether to apply salt treatment to a town's roads to prevent icy conditions or take the risk of withholding treatment, which resulted in a large penalty when freezing temperatures occurred. The decision aid gave treatment recommendations, some of which were false alarms, i.e., treatment was recommended but observed temperatures were above freezing. The rate at which the advice resulted in false alarms was manipulated between groups. Results suggest that very high and very low false alarm rates led to inferior decision making, but that lowering the false alarm rate slightly did not significantly affect compliance or decision quality. However, adding a probabilistic uncertainty estimate in the forecasts improved both compliance and decision quality. These findings carry implications about how weather warnings should be communicated to the public.     

Invoking Cleopatra to examine the shifting ground of leadership

This essay argues that the understanding of leadership is not independent of the power relations within a given cultural context. These shape how ‘leadership’ comes to be ‘known’ — defined and identified. Drawing from cultural studies, it examines the interacting dynamics of power, difference and context in shaping our knowledge of leadership. So whereas we currently identify leadership in Cleopatra, this is due to shifts in the contemporary ground of knowledge that constitutes ‘leadership’. Specifically, the essay focuses on manifestations of gendered power that elicited changes in her appraisals. The analysis examines historical writing (Plutarch), literature (Shakespeare), art (Egyptian Revival) and film (Hollywood) to illustrate gendered paradoxes — criteria that had traditionally defined ‘leaders’ from ‘followers’, but which have become ambiguous. These include queen–lover (embodiment), public–domestic (sphere of work and influence), sage–child (intellect), white–black (racialized identity) and Rome–Egypt (international leadership). In closing, the essay reflects on the implications for leadership studies.     

大学英语自主学习现状及对策研究

自主学习,是指自我导向、自我激励、自我监控的学习;是学习者自己对学习负责,具有明确的学习目标和积极主动的学习态度,具备参与学习所需元认知策略和认知策略能力的学习。对大学新生英语自主学习状况进行调查并提出相应的对策,将有助于培养学生英语自主学习能力和大学英语教学。     

英汉语“火”词语的情感隐喻认知

情感是人类经验的重要组成部分,在语言中抽象情感是建立在人体感知基础上的隐喻表达。日常语言中用“火”词语来表达情感在英汉两种语言相当普遍,探究其意义产生和拓展的理据是揭示两种语言情感概念系统异同的方法。     

基于网络环境的信息服务模式及其现实

基于网络环境下的服务模式是一种信息集成服务、面向内容的信息服务、个性化信息服务,正确处理这三种信息服务模式中的知识产权与经济学问题、改善信息系统人机界面、应用网络计量学是实现这些信息服务模式的主要途径。     

试论语言变异与翻译

社会语言学研究的是语言的社会属性,语言变异是社会语言学的重要内容,也是文学作品中的常见现象.语言变异的复杂性增加了翻译的难度,面对变异译者必须做出恰当的选择.本文拟从社会语言学的角度,介入语境理论,从语音变异、词汇变异、句法变异和语体变异四个层次对语言变异的翻译进行探讨,并认为对变异的语言进行翻译时译者应从多维的、动态的语境角度去把握.     

《红楼梦》人物对话言外之意分析

小说中人物对话是现实话语的模拟,《红楼梦》蕴涵言外之意、弦外之音的人物对话比比皆是。本文试从语用学的角度,运用Grice的会话含义理论中的合作原则和语境理论探讨《红楼梦》人物对话的言外之意。     

新疆少数民族学生汉语作业认知心理评析

做作业是学习活动中不可或缺的一项任务,文章在开放式问答和问卷调查基础上,从少数民族学生对汉语作业的态度、作业成效的认识及自身作业中存在的问题及如何采取措施等方面,对学生的认知心理进行了评析。