女性"隐形"地位的多元认知透视

在男性占主导地位的语言,诚如英汉语中"乞丐""医生"等职业术语和"chairman""hero"等官衔荣誉称呼之类的名词,一般性的人类泛指"a man","mankind"以及代词的非指示用法中,女性往往被置于"隐形"的地位。性别差异和性别歧视的现象已引起社会上各学科的普遍关注,然而,从认知角度对这一现象作出注解的文章寥寥。运用认知语言学中的原型和范畴理论、框架理论、心理空间和概念合成理论对此予以阐释,可为英汉语中这一现象的理论阐释提供全新的多元认知视角。     

科技德语的语法分析

科技德语曾是国际性的科学技术语言,有简洁、客观和信息集中等特性.本文在科技德语的书面语范围内,从语法角度对部分比较有特色的构词法和句型结构进行分析,以利于在科技德语方面进行研究和教学.     

《马氏文通》的虚字学说──纪念《马氏文通》出版100周年

虚词是汉语重要的语法手段,从语法学的角度对汉语虚词作研究是自《马氏文通》开始的。虚字学说作为《马氏文通》语法体系的一个有机部分,其中有许多创造性的见识,对后来的汉语语法研究产生了深刻的影响,而且在今天看来仍具有借鉴意义。对《马氏文通》的研究,虚字方面比较薄弱,因而对它的评价往往失之偏颇,只有全面认识理解《马氏文通》,才能对它作出客观公正的评价。     

元认知策略在大学英语听力理解中的运用

本文试从认知心理学的角度,探讨元认知策略在大学英语听力理解中的有效运用。     

The Efficacy of a Decision Support System in Enhancing Risk Assessment Performance

A pervasive challenge for decision‐makers is evaluating data of varying form (e.g., quantitative vs. qualitative) and credibility in arriving at an overall risk assessment judgment. The current study tests the efficacy of a Decision Support System (DSS) for facilitating auditors’ evaluation and assimilation of financial and nonfinancial information in accurately assessing the risk of material misstatements (RMM) in financial information. Utilizing the proximity compatibility principle, the DSS manipulates the display of cues either in an integral (where pieces of information are displayed on one computer screen) or separable (where pieces of information are displayed on different computer screens) format. Based on cognitive fit theory, we expect that the integral (separable) display best supports financial (nonfinancial) information processing, leading to enhanced risk assessment performance. In addition, we predict that consistent DSS display of financial and nonfinancial information facilitates risk assessment performance. Further, this study accentuates the importance of auditors’ preference for presentation of financial and nonfinancial information and consistent presentation of all the information in strengthening the effect of DSS display format on risk assessment performance. We design a case which includes a seeded high fraud risk. A total of 112 audit seniors participated in the experiment where the DSS display format was manipulated and the auditors’ RMM assessments and display preferences were measured. The results support the hypotheses and highlight the value of the DSS in enhancing risk assessment performance.     

The Impact of Perceived Flood Exposure on Flood‐Risk Perception: The Role of Distance

Natural hazards, such as major flood events, are occurring with increasing frequency and inflicting increasing levels of financial damages upon affected communities. The experience of such major flood events has brought about a significant change in attitudes to flood‐risk management, with a shift away from built engineering solutions alone towards a more multifaceted approach. Europe's experience with damaging flood episodes provided the impetus for the introduction of the European Floods Directive, requiring the establishment of flood‐risk management plans at the river‐basin scale. The effectiveness of such plans, focusing on prevention, protection, and preparedness, is dependent on adequate flood awareness and preparedness, and this is related to perception of flood risk. This is an important factor in the design and assessment of flood‐risk management. Whilst there is a modern body of literature exploring flood perception issues, there have been few examples that explore its spatial manifestations. Previous literature has examined perceived and real distance to a hazard source (such as a river, nuclear facility, landfill, or incinerator, etc.), whereas this article advances the literature by including an objectively assessed measure of distance to a perceived flood zone, using a cognitive mapping methodology. The article finds that distance to the perceived flood zone (perceived flood exposure) is a crucial factor in determining flood‐risk perception, both the cognitive and affective components. Furthermore, we find an interesting phenomenon of misperception among respondents. The article concludes by discussing the implications for flood‐risk management.     

An Investigation of Localization as an Element of Cognitive Fit in Accounting Model Representations

Cognitive fit, a correspondence between task and data representation format, has been demonstrated to lead to superior task performance by individual users and has been posited as an explanation for performance differences among users of various problem representations such as tables, graphs, maps, and schematic faces. The current study extends cognitive fit to accounting models and integrates cognitive fit theory with the concept of localization to provide additional evidence for how cognitive fit works. Two accounting model representations are compared in this study, the traditional DCA (Debit‐Credit‐Account) accounting model and the REA (Resources‐Events‐Agents) accounting model. Results indicate that the localization of relevant objects or linkages is important in establishing cognitive fit.     

提高C语言教学中学生的学习兴趣

C语言已成为高校计算机教学的基本课程。在C语言的教学中 ,最好是能将理论知识和实际应用结合起来 ,在有限的课堂教学里 ,激发学生学习C语言的兴趣 ,提高学生运用C语言的实际能力。     

大学生英语限时写作策略研究

采用问卷调查和访谈等形式探讨了非英语专业学习者限时写作时的策略使用情况以及这些写作策略与写作成绩之间的关系。结果表明：学生在限时写作时主要使用认知策略,对影响写作质量的元认知策略和社会情感策略使用较少,成功英语学习者和不成功英语学习者使用的写作策略在个别策略上有差异,写作质量主要受认知策略的影响。