论冷战遗留下的台湾问题与美日合流

台湾问题既是中国内战的后遗症，也是冷战的遗留问题；冷战在亚洲的结束具有相对的非彻底性，即冷战结束的渐变性。这种特征反映在美国和日本调整对台湾的战略中；同时，日本染指台湾问题、美国对台湾问题的干涉加强，两者殊途同归，也塑造和反映了冷战在亚洲结束的渐变性特色。     

A framework for food supply chain digitalization: lessons from Thailand

Abstract

The promise of digitalization is enormous and nowhere is it more critical than in its potential to transform food supply chain. Consumers have become more educated and are demanding real-time updated information on foods they consumed through digital media. They are also increasingly demanding to know if the foods they consume are environmentally and socially sustainable or not. As a result, food product traceability, safety, and sustainability issues have become crucial concerns to food retailers, distributors, processors, and farmers. Digitalization allows food supply chains to be highly connected, efficient, and responsive to customer needs and regulation requirements. However, digitalizing a traditional food supply chain is challenging and resource demanding. This is more so for developing countries where moving food from farms to consumers can take months as it travels through an array of middlemen. Unfortunately, little is available in the existing literature on food supply chain digitalization. So far, current researchers mainly explore the benefits of digitalization. Using cases in three companies, this paper explores the practices, challenges, and opportunities faced by Thailand food manufacturers in digitalizing their food supply chains. A framework for food supply chain digitalization is proposed and its implications for research and practices are discussed.     

Consumer Selection of Food-Safety Information Sources

The aim of this study is to examine the preferences of consumers for different information sources when they have a question about food safety. On the basis of a nationally representative survey conducted in the Netherlands, five distinct consumer groups are identified that not only differ on the reported use of information sources but also regarding several personality characteristics and sociodemographic variables. The empirical results show that two-thirds of the consumers are selective in their use of information sources and prefer either institutional or social sources. So, multiple information-acquisition patterns exist among the general public. The study illustrates how these findings can help to develop effective risk communication strategies.     

The Economic Efficiency of Sampling Size: The Case of Beef Trim

The economically optimal sample size in a food safety test balances the marginal costs and marginal benefits of increasing the sample size. We provide a method for selecting the sample size when testing beef trim for Escherichia coli O157:H7 that equates the averted costs of recalls and health damages from contaminated meats sold to consumers with the increased costs of testing while allowing for uncertainty about the underlying prevalence rates of contamination. Using simulations, we show that, in most cases, the optimal sample size is larger than the current sample size of 60 and, in some cases, it exceeds 120. Moreover, lots with a lower prevalence rate have a higher expected damage because contamination is more difficult to detect. Our simulations indicate that these lots have a higher optimal sampling rate.     

冷战时期中国共产党与西方社会民主党关系述论

冷战初期，中国共产党和西方社会民主党分别从属于不同的政治阵营，高度对立的阵营利益决定了双方不存在发展友好关系的空间。作为国际政坛上两支重要的政治力量，在全面对立的主题下，中国共产党与个别西方社会民主党有过极为有限的接触，这些接触都不具备党际交往的意义，也没有产生广泛的影响。20世纪80年代后，随着两极格局的衰退，中国共产党与西方社会民主党适时做出了对外交往路线的调整，双方建立了党际关系，并进行了卓有成效的合作。     

两重困境:第二次柏林危机期间德美关系评析

第二次柏林危机是冷战时期东西方关系中持续时间最长的一次纷争,这场危机不仅仅是美苏两个大国之间的对抗,它还使德美关系面临最现实和最严峻的考验。危机期间的德美关系处于战略困境和同盟困境这两重困境之中。在面临决定战争与和平的战略困境时,美国的决策起着主导作用;而在开展对苏谈判,面临考验同盟可靠性的同盟困境时,联邦德国则决定了美国可以作出让步的限度与步伐。     

浅析冷战后日本文化教育界右翼势力兴起的原因

20世纪90年代以后,由于泡沫经济的崩溃和国际上冷战体制的结束,日本社会日益保守化、右倾化,右翼势力的影响不断扩大,右翼的思想主张在日本越来越有市场,从而导致教育界、文化界的右翼力量逐渐兴起和发展。本文就这一历史现象发生的成因进行分析。     

道是无情却有情——论曾树生的“逃离”与“回来”

《寒夜》塑造了一个丰满复杂的女性曾树生形象,真切细腻地表现了她与家及家人的复杂情感。对她的先逃离家庭最后又回来,批评界多作道德、文化层面的解读,结论显然是偏颇的,应该看到这里其实隐含着更多的情感心理内容:无奈的“逃离”中蕴含着“回来”的因子,看似无情却有情;急切的回来更彰显其对亲情和真情的依恋和向往。     

利益多元化语境下的食品安全规制研究 ———以利益博弈为视角

利益是社会发展的动力，利益机制理论是研究社会问题的一种重要方法。在食品安全领域中存在相关利益群体的利益对立和冲突，由此产生了生产者与消费者、监管者与生产者、生产者与销售者之间的利益博弈现象。我国既有食品安全治理模式是建立在一种单元化利益观主导基础上的政府主导型模式，这种模式存在忽略食品安全领域相关利益群体利益冲突和协调机制、淡化其利益产生和分配机制、缺乏利益表达和保障机制的局限，应当重构一种以多元利益观为导向的新型食品安全治理模式。     

联邦德国与第二次柏林危机前期美苏谈判中的德美关系

第二次柏林危机是冷战时期东西方在欧洲的一次正面交锋，这次危机的核心问题是德国和柏林问题。为使危机得到缓解，艾森豪威尔政府领导西方阵营与苏联进行了一系列谈判。在谈判过程中，联邦德国作为危机的利益攸关方，对艾森豪威尔政府的谈判政策表现出了充分的不信任。这种不信任反映了在冷战背景下，作为超级大国的盟友的不安全感。