论社区参与的制度安排

本文选取社区参与为研究视角,旨在从宏观角度考察社区发展过程中影响社区参与的制度安排。本文认为我国社会转型过程中政治、经济、社会制度的变革使得社区参与成为可能与必要;“街道体制”向“社区体制”转轨扩大了社区参与的空间;基层民主的制度创新保障了居民的参与权;社区服务与社区文化活动的开展营造了良好的社区参与氛围。     

An evaluation of the American Community Survey: results from the Oregon test site

The American Community Survey (ACS) is a Census Bureau product designed to provide accurate and timely demographic and economic indicators on an annual basis for both large and small geographic areas within the United States. Operational plans for Census 2010 call for ACS to replace the decennial census long form (Census LF), pending the results of evaluation studies. This plan represents a major change in that variables that traditionally have been collected on a “snapshot” basis once every 10 years would be collected on a “rolling” annual basis. Using a loss function analysis and other tools, this paper reports preliminary findings from a comparison of ACS and Census 2000 results in Multnomah County, Oregon, one of five national “local expert” test sites set up to compare ACS data collected at the time of Census 2000. The preliminary findings suggest that there are notable differences between some of the corresponding variables found in the ACS and Census LF that require more detailed examination. For example, the loss function analysis reveals notable differences for race and disability variables. In other comparisons of corresponding variables between ACS and Census 2000, differences are found within each of the four major areas of interest: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) social characteristics, (3) economic characteristics, and (4) housing characteristics, with housing characteristics showing the least similarity overall. These results also suggest that more detailed examinations are needed to understand differences between corresponding variables collected by ACS and the Census LF.     

Contextual Variation in Stereotype Content: An Investigation of Children's Central Tendency and Group Variability Judgements

Drawing upon self‐categorization theory, we predicted that the content of children's stereotypes concerning the gender ingroup would be contextually variable. Two studies are reported, each looking at five‐, seven‐, and 10‐year‐old children's stereotypes of the gender in‐group in two different contexts. Study 1 examined judgements of the perceived central tendency of the in‐group on specified dimensions. Study 2 addressed judgements of perceived variability within the gender in‐group on the same dimensions. Overall multivariate analysis of the data indicated that central tendency judgements were influenced by the context in which a group is considered, but that group variability judgements were not. Individual‐level analyses showed that the most typical pattern of response over the two conditions, in both Studies 1 and 2, was for children to provide consistent rather than varying judgements. However, in Study 1 (but not Study 2 ), among those children who changed their judgements, the nature of change was precisely as predicted by self‐categorization theory.     

论现代建筑设计风格的本土化

阐述了现代建筑的本土化是创作的根源;现代建筑要与环境相融合。指出内与外、过去与现代的结合是现代建筑设计的特征,横向与纵向的观念是现代建筑设计的依据,人的情感与工业文明的平衡是中国本土建筑发展的必由之路。     

Community Differences in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Conduct Problems

Various hypotheses were identified regarding the manner in which community context might influence the association between two dimensions of parenting—control and corporal punishment—on child conduct problems. The authors used hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 841 African American families to test these hypotheses. Consistent with the evaporation hypothesis, the results indicated that the deterrent effect of caretaker control on conduct problems becomes smaller as deviant behavior becomes more widespread within a community. The findings for corporal punishment supported the normative parenting argument. Although there was a positive relationship between caretaker corporal punishment and child conduct problems in communities where physical discipline was rare, there was no association between the two variables in communities where physical discipline was widely prevalent. These results suggest that a particular parenting strategy may be more effective in some neighborhood environments than others. The theoretical implications of this view are discussed.     

The Community Context of Family Structure and Adolescent Drug Use

Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS), this article investigates a number of hypotheses used to explain the relationship between family structure and adolescent drug use. In particular, using linked community‐level data, an explicit examination of hypotheses drawn from a community‐context model is conducted. These hypotheses posit that the impact of family structure on adolescent behavior is, in part, explained by the different types of communities within which families reside and that community characteristics moderate the impact of family structure on drug use. The results of multilevel regression models fail to support these hypotheses; adolescents who reside in single‐parent or stepparent families are at heightened risk of drug use irrespective of community context. Moreover, adolescents who reside in single father families are at risk of both higher levels of use and increasing use over time. A significant community‐level effect involves jobless men: Adolescents are at increased risk of drug use if they reside in communities with a higher proportion of unemployed and out‐of‐workforce men.     

旧词新用说“美眉”

在古代汉语中,"眉"有着特定的文化内涵,"美眉"一词是吸收了古语词"眉"构成的.本文分析了两者在文化内涵上的差异,并从两个方面对"美眉"产生的语境作了简要探讨.     

弗里斯的语言学理论与口译原则

弗里斯(Fries)是美国结构主义的代表人物之一,有别于其他结构语言学家的是:他不是孤立地研究语言和语言的结构,而是把语言活动看成是一种交际行为,是一种传递意义的工具。他对意义进行层次分类,剖析意义传递的过程,并确定"语境"在获取意义中的重要作用。所有这些都蕴涵了口译的基本原理和原则。     

在原则与政策之间——罗纳德·德沃金和理想法律人的建构

中国法律人形象的模糊性和暗昧性是一个不容忽视的问题,这个问题迟迟没有得到解答已经影响到中国法学的健康发展.在这方面,美国法理学家罗纳德*德沃金的尝试值得借鉴.德沃金成功地建构了一个完美的法律人形象"赫拉克勒斯",该形象在德沃金主要论著中日臻完美.通过比较德沃金法理学和其他当代法律理论,本文探讨了德沃金法理学的优点和缺点,从德沃金法理学思想尤其是他的理想法律人观念引申出建构中国理想法律人共同体的建议,以尝试回答当代中国法学正面临的相应问题.     

对话论

文章不局限于认识论和反映论对文学本质的阐释,把文学本质界定为人类广义的对话和交流,从而把对话也提到了整合文化和美学的层次。