Relationship management as antecedents to public communication behaviors: Examining empowerment and public health among Asian Americans

This study examined the effects of relationship management by community health organizations on the situational perceptions, and, in turn, on information behaviors about health issues among community members. Survey data with 222 Asian Americans indicated that trust and control mutuality played different but complementary roles on problem recognition, involvement recognition, and constraint recognition, which then differently impacted four information behaviors ranging from information attending, information forwarding, information sharing, and information seeking. This study proposed and tested a public-oriented model and contributed to two lines of research: examining public-centered consequences of relationship management and exploring antecedents to the formation of publics. It has practical implications on fostering relationships and empowering community members.     

交际语言能力概念的嬗变及其对语言测试的影响

自1972年Hymes 提出“交际能力”概念至今，交际语言能力理论经历了四十多年的发展，已成为影响外语教学和测试领域的主要理论体系之一。20世纪80年代以来，学者们锲而不舍地补充和完善交际语言能力概念，试图将其发展成为一个可操作的理论模型。20世纪90年代，Bachman 提出了一个包含语言能力、策略能力和心理生理机制的全新的交际语言能力模型；21世纪初至今，《欧洲语言共同参考框架》所包含的交际语言能力观在全球外语教育领域引起了广泛关注。但是，如何有效地测量交际语言能力仍是目前语言测试面临的一大挑战。为了应对这一挑战，建议根据测试的语境来定义、实施测试的构念。     

Predictors of Parental Risk Perceptions: The Case of Child Pedestrian Injuries in School Context

The objective of this article is to explore the factors that influence parental risk perceptions of child pedestrian injuries in the elementary school context. Parents (n= 193) from six different schools responded to a questionnaire on road safety, including a measure of their risk perception. Results of bivariate analyses show that eight variables are significantly related to risk perception. Environmental variables, as we measure them, were not significant, contrary to our initial hypotheses. Only three variables, parent's gender, perceived primary source of danger, and sense of control remained significant in OLS regression analyses (adjusted R² of 0.16, F= 9.27; p= 0.00). Since parents’ perceptions of road risks are an important factor in their road safety practices and in their choice of transportation mode used for their child's journey to school, our analysis elucidates factors underlying these choices. Our results can help decisionmakers to design traffic injury prevention measures and to promote physical activity through the use of active modes of transport.     

Promising research and methodological approaches for health behavior research with homeless persons

High-risk health behaviors have high prevalence among homeless persons prompting substantial research on health behavior and behavior change strategies within the population. Previously, much of this research focused solely on the target behavior without consideration of contextual factors that may contribute to the behavior or that may inhibit behavior change. We describe three overlapping trends in homeless health behavior research – longitudinal, qualitative, and participatory – which consider the link between the context of homelessness and health behavior. These approaches contribute to the understanding of the social determinants of health behavior and health and demonstrate opportunities for intervention beyond the individual level.     

History and the present: Institutional legacies in communities of organizations

An important source of organizational variation in communities is institutional legacies: institutions that persist and affect the community over long periods of time. Institutional legacies have received attention in the past, but recently there has been increased interest in their origins and effects. We examine three carriers of institutional legacies—legal structures, voluntary organizations, and intra-community relations—and show some work on each of these carriers. We discuss how research on institutional legacies presents a particular challenge in causal identification, but we also offer potentially viable solutions to this challenge. Finally, we outline extensions of research on institutional legacies through work that documents how the interrelationships between community organizations and businesses are shaped by institutional legacies and in turn contribute to their evolution.     

语言哲学视域的网络语言语码转换原因研究

网络语言的语码转换现象是语言变体在现代社会体现的重要表现。文章运用维特根斯坦后期哲学"语言游戏"论对网络言语语码转换的原因进行探究。语码转换的主要原因是网络语境以及教育语境。     

历史与现代之交融——包头市梅力更召庙的历史背景与现代变迁

梅力更召是我国现阶段唯一用蒙语诵经的藏传佛教的寺庙，它不仅有着悠久的宗教历史，而且还蕴含着多种文化和当地文化的融合。通过对梅力更召历史背景的剖析，对召庙中最有成就的活佛三世梅力更葛根的阐释，可以探明这一召庙在现代社会经济与政治转型下的传承与变迁。     

中国村落的历史变迁及其当下命运

村落因满足农户的生产生活需要而产生。在家户制传统下，中国传统村落的自主性相对较低，但实质仍是共同体，形成了“国家—士绅—村落”三者互构的治理模式。自晚清现代性转型以来，村落先后经受了国家和市场力量的冲击，但并未解体，这从经验层面说明了村落共同体的功能不可替代。由此，虽然当前国家和市场对农民的影响日趋增大，但这并不意味着村落的终结，而是实现转型，从传统封闭自律的生产生活共同体走向现代开放自为的社会生活共同体。为规避市场对村落的僭越，国家理应承担保护责任，但村落的未来仍取决于农民的主体实践。     

寺坊组织与回族社区的内在逻辑与生存机理--一个组织制度的分析视角

寺坊组织是寺与坊的结合体，在社会风险日益剧增的今天，寺坊组织的功能和作用是不容忽视的。文章以组织制度为视角，通过对寺—坊与寺坊组织的内涵进行解读，系统而深入地分析了寺坊组织与回族社区的内在逻辑，即互动与共生。在此基础上阐述了寺坊组织在回族社区中的张力和限度，进一步阐析了寺坊组织与回族社区的内在生存机理。     

The Case for Prefigurative Feminist Organizing

Contemporary feminist community organizing is not entirely consistent in practice. Drawing from current and historic examples, as well a feminist literature, this article examines tensions and contradictions between feminist ideas and praxis. The author suggests that contemporary feminist organizing ideas and practices adhere to masculinist models, and do not offer a liberatory and inclusive model for social change. Recommendations for a consistency between the public and private spheres, and processes and outcomes, are discussed.