上海社区安全调查报告

上海社区安全调查的目的是通过掌握上海社区安全的总体状况,加速推进平安上海建设。调查显示,上海社区安全总体良好,安全防范体系初步形成,但也存在一些安全薄弱环节,安全事故时有发生,安全隐患时有存在,安全监管时有缺位。因此,应采取多项安全保障措施,继续推进社区安全建设工作,提升城市整体安全水平。     

Headed Toward Equality? Housework Change in Comparative Perspective

This paper examines gendered housework in the larger context of comparative social change, asking specifically whether cross‐national differences in domestic labor patterns converge over time. Our analysis of data from 13 countries (N = 11,065) from the 1994 and 2002 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) confirmed that social context matters in shaping couples' division of labor at home, but also showed that context affects patterns of change. Our results suggested that, compared to the most egalitarian countries, the shift in housework patterns was greatest among the most traditional countries. This provides support for the thesis of cultural convergence, but the evidence did not suggest that such convergence will lead to complete equality in the foreseeable future.     

How to integrate digital media into a drop-in for homeless young people for deepening relationships between youth and adults

This paper reports on a curriculum called New Tech for Youth Sessions, designed for homeless young people, aged 13-25. Motivated by the ordinariness of digital media and its importance in communicating with society's institutions, the primary goal of the curriculum was to develop students' life skills for information technology and digital media. A crucial secondary goal was to position students to recognize their self-worth, through meeting challenges, positive communication with adults, and reciprocal peer support. The paper describes how these goals were addressed by incorporating a community technology center into a multi-purpose drop-in for homeless young people and by a curriculum that guides students through an integrated series of activities related to finding employment. The paper discusses the principles underlying the curriculum, the class processes, and the social structure that supports the learning environment. A far-reaching result, based on offering 13 classes to over 75 youth over 16 months, is the hypothesis that instruction in digital media can create visceral, life-affirming experiences of challenges overcome, which can help strengthen relationships between the youth and the drop-in staff. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned for incorporating digital media into drop-ins for enabling access and for improving life skills.     

Community resilience for youth and families: Facilitative physical and social capital in contexts of adversity

Studies that focus on community-level factors associated with the resilience of youth and families reflect a shift in perspective from community deficits to the potential of communities to facilitate the mobilization of human and physical resources. Physical and social capital (both informal relationships and formal service provision) give communities the potential to recover from dramatic change, sustain their adaptability, and support new growth. This paper reviews key concepts such as these as they relate to how young people access informal supports and formal services that promote resilience. A discussion of the relevant research highlights the way protective processes function when children, youth and families are exposed to catastrophic human-made and natural events. Five principles are suggested to help promote community resilience. Implications for the design and implementation of interventions are discussed with a focus on making informal supports more available and formal services coordinated, continuous, co-located, negotiated, culturally relevant and effective.     

Mobile skilled workers: Making the most of an untapped rural community resource

Many small rural communities have a flow of skilled people through the community, including employees from the government, non government and private sectors on fixed-term contracts, and a range of professionals, often attracted by amenity and seeking a sea change or tree change. The aim of the study reported in this paper was to investigate how rural communities can optimise benefits from professional and other highly skilled workers in the context of an increasingly mobile and transitory workforce. The paper examines the characteristics and attributes of mobile skilled workers from six different Australian rural communities and one Canadian rural community. It overviews the reasons why mobile skilled workers become involved in rural communities, the process of integration, and the reasons why they decide to stay or leave. If rural communities better understand the characteristics and motivations of mobile skilled workers, they will be able to better harness the potential of this group. Community settings and, to a lesser extent, policy, make a difference to mobile skilled worker integration and community participation. Community settings such as culture, interactional infrastructure and leadership influence the integration process for mobile skilled workers. Effectiveness of the integration process determines the nature and extent of mobile skilled worker contribution to the community and the likelihood that the worker will be retained in the community. Rural communities that make the most of the available pool of skills provided by mobile skilled workers can increase resilience, community capacity, identification and uptake of opportunities such as new enterprises, good practice in natural resource management, enhanced social and leisure opportunities, and the quality and range of local services.     

Estimating Social Influences from Social Networking Sites—Articulated Friendships versus Communication Interactions

Despite the ubiquity of social networking sites, the online social networking industry is in search of effective marketing strategies to better profit from their established user base. Social media marketing strategies build on the premise that the social network of online users can be predicted and social influences among online users can be estimated. However, the existence of various heterogeneous social interactions on social networking sites presents a challenge for social network prediction and social influence estimation. In this article we draw upon the literatures on self‐presentation on social networking sites and signaling in online social networking to categorize six heterogeneous online social interactions on social networking sites into two types—articulated friendships and communication interactions. This article provides empirical evidence for the differences between articulated friendships and communication interactions and the corresponding articulated and communication networks. In order to compare the impacts of the social influences based on these two networks, we utilize support vector machines to build a classifier to predict virtual community membership and we further estimate the marginal effects of these social influences using a two‐stage probit least squares method. We find significant explanatory power of social influences in predicting virtual community membership. Although the communication network is much sparser than the articulated network, social influences based on the communication network achieve similar performance as the articulated network. These findings provide important implications for social media marketing as well as the management of virtual communities.     

《孟子》体现出的“观境索义”思想

“观境索义”是古今中外诠释经典的首要方法,在先秦典籍当中,尤以《孟子》蕴涵的“观境索义”思想最为丰富和鲜明.孟子的“观境索义”思想可以概括为参与原则、历史性原则、约定性原则、大压小原则及具体性原则,这些指导性原则对于我们在新的时代更好地诠释经典、继承优秀的民族文化传统,仍然极富启发性.     

激情的变奏：创造社作家社团意识的历史轨迹

从文学革命到革命文学,创造社经历了诸多变奏。其成员感性认知与理性认知博弈的结果是,创造社最终被无产阶级革命规训,时代性的团体感情占据了个体的能动空间。创造社近十年发展变化中,个人浪漫主义最初创造了个体自觉的空间,当自我激情释放在同一方向的时候,以反对文学旧势力与栽植创造之花为使命,而个体生存空间与现实恶劣环境的冲突,也不失时机地造就了社员的协作意识;当革命思想蔓延开来的时候,个人主义理想被集体主义12号所淹没,个体激情最终让位给了集体感情。两者较量的结果,不是取决于个体与集体孰重孰轻,而是取决于个体激情的尺度与方向。     

宽式语形:汉诗意境形成的诗学根源

意境是一种极高的文学境界,在汉语诗歌中发展到极致境地。何以至此是诗学需要回答的本体论问题,而不是简单的技巧或修辞问题。意境的实现要有领悟,还要有意象和声律的建构。汉语是宽式语形语言,宽式语形为实现领悟以及意象和声律的建构提供了必要条件,由此意境得以充分实现,所以汉语可以看成是汉诗意境得以充分实现的环境语言,简称诗境语言。汉语宽式语形是实现意境的必由路途,意境最终是否实现,和个人的艺术品格以及创造能力相关。     

不礼貌原则在《老友记》中的现实化

国内外关于礼貌的研究很多,但礼貌原则无法对不礼貌现象作出系统的解释。而关于不礼貌的研究甚少。Culpeper提出了与Brown&Levinson的礼貌策略相对应的不礼貌策略框架以及不礼貌回应策略框架。该文探讨这两个框架在《老友记》中的体现及不礼貌策略在不同语境中的语用功能,旨在更好地理解《老友记》中及日常会话中的不礼貌。