在主流意识形态制导下的十七年文学英雄叙事

随着主流意识形态在全国的支配地位的确立,十七年文学的生产被纳入到了国家的政治轨道上来,文学也就从私人话语转变成了国家权力话语。这就要求作家的文学创作要自觉地纳入主流意识形态已经规范好的框架里,这就会使主流意识形态以及与此相应的文化政策内化到作家思想中,成为他们创作中的定律。十七年文学英雄叙事,尽管其生成的文化语境一直被主流意识形态紧紧钳制着,但在坚持现实主义创作原则的作家努力下,还是获得了较大的文学成就。     

论鲁迅复调小说的人学特征

鲁迅复调小说超越一般现实主义之处在于，它关注的是人的存在和意义、道德和人性的基本事实，思考有关现代性和永恒相关联的问题，它涉及到人的生存根基。复调艺术能够就独白立场的艺术把握所无法企及的人的一些方面进行复杂对话，它因此成为鲁迅组织结构小说和传达世界的诗学机制。鲁迅复调小说是人学与诗学完美结合的艺术典范。     

Feeling at Risk Matters: Water Managers and the Decision to Use Forecasts

Experts contend that weather and climate forecasts could have an important role in risk management strategies for community water systems. Yet, most water managers make minimal use of these forecasts. This research explores the determinants of the use of weather and climate forecasts by surveying managers of community water systems in two eastern American states (South Carolina and the Susquehanna River Basin of Pennsylvania). Assessments of the reliability of weather and climate forecasts are not driving their use as water managers who find forecasts reliable are no more likely to use them than are managers who find them unreliable. Although larger systems and those depending on surface water are more likely to use forecasts for some (but not all) purposes, the strongest determinant of forecast use is risk perceptions. Water managers who expect to face problems from weather events in the next decade are much more likely to use forecasts than are water managers who expect few problems. Their expectations of future problems are closely linked with past experience: water managers who have had problems with specific types of weather events (e.g., flood emergencies) in the last 5 years are likely to expect to experience problems in the next decade. Feeling at risk, regardless of the specific source of that weather-related risk, stimulates a decision to use weather and climate forecasts.     

话语歧义的语用研究

文章从语用学的视角对语用歧义进行动态研究.语用歧义是一种常见的语言现象,一种间接言语行为,它是指某个词或话语有两个及其以上的释义.语用歧义的产生与语境有很密切的关系,它产生于交际双方所依赖的具体环境.语境可分为显性语境和隐性语境.在大多数情况下,语境有助于化解歧义,并提供合理的语用解释.     

Dispositions to Act in Favor of the Environment: Fatalism and Readiness to Make Sacrifices in a Cross‐National Perspective1

This article hypothesizes that individuals’ environmental attitudes depend not only on their knowledge, interests, emotions, and values but also on the social context in which they live. We test this hypothesis by analyzing the 2000/01 ISSP‐II Survey on Environmental Attitudes; the data include respondents from 23 countries. Our findings show that individual characteristics influence both “pessimistic environmental orientations” and “the willingness to act in favor of the environment.” As for social context, the level of development and affluence, the degree of political centralization, the presence of green movements and parties, and the degree of objective pollution in a country are all important. However, their influences on fatalism and willingness vary.     

虚化性“三不知”义项的概括

“三不知”的表义，多数词书释为“突然、意料不到”，但存在意义内容概括不全、概括程度不高等毛病。其实，元代以后，“三不知”的词义开始虚化，虚化为副词性成分。经常用在动词或动词性成分前作状语。依语境的不同，可理解为：突然、忽然；不知怎么地、不知不觉地、糊里糊涂地；冒然地、冒冒失失地；偷偷地、暗暗地、悄悄地；径直地、直接地等。     

世纪之交的中国小说艺术精神

本文认为世纪之交中国小说是在复杂艰难、多元的人文环境和背景下展开的，这既为小说的发展创造了空前宽阔的文化空间，又为小说家带来了难以摆脱的困惑。在此基础上，作者提出了世纪之交的中国小说，应该提倡在现代意识观照下对写实的超越精神、新理性精神，以及具有东方意识的自信和独立自主的精神。中国小说将在这些小说艺术精神的引导下走向世界。     

Community Development in the 21st Century: A Case of Conditional Development

During the last 5 years, the UK government has increased supportfor and resources to community development projects and strategies.These interventions have been deployed to assist the state addresskey issues of social exclusion notably at neighbourhood level.The thrust for tackling social exclusion and therefore the growthin community development can be linked to New Labour’sadherence to a neo-liberal agenda. The two articles and theworking paper considered here reflect this expansion of activityand articulate some of the central issues and challenges facingcommunity development. The central problem for community developmentappears to be that whilst it has secured a more prominent placewithin contemporary social policies, it is in danger of losingits ability effectively to address the expressed needs of localcommnuitties. Hence the development we are witnessing can beconsidered to be a case of conditional development.     

论宪政背景下的公民财产权刑法保护制度

财产权是公民受到宪法保障的基本权利,刑法对公民财产权的保障是宪法实施的重要内容。宪政背景下的公民财产权刑法保护制度应遵循宪法的基本价值和理念。我国刑法对公民财产权保护起着重要的作用,但存在诸多与宪法不相吻合的规定,有必要予以调整,并通过构建违宪审查制度最终实现刑法公民财产权保护制度与宪法的契合。     

文化语境与外语教学

理清文化与语言的关系及语境的定义,以说明文化语境在外语教学中不仅是必要组成部分,而且是素质培养的有效手段。通过案例分析表明,文化教学缺乏系统和完整,学生对外国文化缺少了解,直接影响到外语教学的整体效果。推荐从文化语境角度对目的语进行文本分析,层层探求本族文化和异族文化间差异,帮助学习者不仅仅成为语言的使用者,而且是不同文化融洽共处新格局的建设者。