Maternity services and the discharge process: A review of practice in Queensland

BackgroundEfforts to increase postnatal support available to women and families are hampered by inadequate referral mechanisms. However, the discharge process in maternity services has received little research attention.AimTo review current discharge practices in Queensland, in order to identify mechanisms to minimise fragmentation in the care of women and families as they transition from hospital-based postnatal care to community-based health and other services.MethodsA survey of discharge practices in Queensland hospitals that offer birthing services (N = 55) and content analysis of discharge summary forms used by those hospitals.FindingsFifty-two Queensland birthing hospitals participated in the study. Discharge summaries were most commonly sent to General Practitioners (83%), less commonly to Child and Family Health Nurses (CFHNs; 52%) and rarely to other care providers. Discharge summaries were usually disseminated within one week of discharge (87%), but did not capture any information about care provided by domiciliary services. Almost one-fifth (19%) of hospitals did not seek women's consent for the disclosure of their discharge summary and only 10% of hospitals had processes for women to check accuracy. Significant gaps in the content of discharge summaries were identified, particularly in psychosocial and cultural information, and post-discharge advice. The format of discharge summaries diminished their readability.ConclusionDischarge summaries (format and content) should be consistent, comprehensive and specific to maternity services. Discharge summaries should be generated and disseminated electronically at the time of discharge from the maternity service. Women should review their discharge summaries and direct and consent to its dissemination.     

论晚近中国民主观念赖以生成的三重语境

影响晚近中国民主观念的因素,除了特定的社会政治形势外,还有主要由民族主义、启蒙主义和马克思主义三者所构成的思想语境。它们分别为不同类型的民主观念提供价值规范,在不同程度上影响和制约着民主观念的生成。由于价值观的差异,不同语境虽然可以勉强相容,但更多的是相互挤压,相互竞争,而竞争的结果是马克思主义作为强势语境的胜出。五四以后新民主主义逐渐形成并最终上升为中国社会的主流意识形态,即是这种强势语境作用的结果。     

古典诗歌英译的功能语境重构——以《诗经》中《将仲子》英译为例

以《诗经》中《将仲子》英译本为例,从功能语境的三个不同层次探讨其分别对译文的制约以及语境重构的方法。通过分析发现,文化语境制约译文的体裁;情景语境制约译文的理解和变体;上下文语境则制约译文的衔接。因此,必须理解原文语境,并通过不同的翻译方法对译文进行功能语境重构,以达到原文与译文的等值,进而促进典籍英译的发展。     

思想构境中的似文本:列宁哲学思想的一种新的认识

在列宁的理论著作中并不存在独立的《哲学笔记》一书,原先被认定《哲学笔记》不过是列宁在二十年间学习和研究哲学的摘录、札记、心得及阅读批注的文献汇集,其中的内容具有明显的理论性质级差。在这一文献汇集中,长期被忽略的内容是列宁所留下的多种读书批注,而这些批注,只是在文本构境的意义上才成为我们的研究对象,通过文本构境法对列宁的这一似文本进行新的解读,在某种程度上颠覆了苏联学者关于列宁哲学思想的"计划构想论"的先验框架,探悉到列宁在接近黑格尔哲学的过程中所发生的深刻思想转变。     

中、英称谓语差异探微

称谓语是一种具有浓厚民族文化色彩的语言现象，它和民族文化互相渗透、互相作用，显示了一个民族特有的民族心理和思维方式。通过对中、英称谓语差异的剖析，从高低语境的角度探讨了中国与西方不同的思维方式。     

再论汉语新词语

人们要表述新思想、新概念、新事物、新色彩,新词语就会大量出现。汉语新词语带来了汉语词汇许多有价值的发展。新词语是人们思想活跃的产物,寻求新的色彩是新词语出现的重要途径,色彩是语言的动态系统。只要不妨碍交际的语言应是积极的健康的语言,交际到位的程度是衡量语言交际的唯一标准。     

完善社区社会保障体系的思路和措施

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,单位体制互解,单位保障逐渐"衰落",企业的社会福利功能在弱化,社区成为社会整合的主要载体,社区社会保障成为保障公民福利的一项重要体系。将社区作为实施社会保障的依托,应树立以人为本社区建设的理念,完善社区管理体制,探索社区社会保障资金的方式和渠道等。     

Connections between Temperament and Social Development: A Review

This paper critically reviews the literature on the links between temperament and social development in children and adolescents. Social development is broadly defined to include externalizing and internalizing behaviour problems, prosocial behaviour and social competence. It concludes that there are clear links between specific dimensions of temperament and particular aspects of social development. Examples include the association of negative reactivity with externalizing behaviour problems, inhibition with internalizing behaviour problems, and attention regulation with school functioning. Theoretical and methodological issues to be confronted in future research are identified, including the need to investigate further the interactions between temperament and social context. Analysis of patterns of change in temperament, in relation to physiological changes and to such factors as parenting and socio‐cultural expectations of children, promise to refine our understanding of how temperament works in context. Some practical implications which can be drawn from the research are also discussed.     

论《白鹿原》审美创造中的反讽艺术

《白鹿原》在其文本中展开了两种矛盾对立的文化语境,这两种文化语境在特定的历史转型时期相互交融与碰撞,形成了该作品独特的反讽式艺术效果。具体体现为文本结构的反讽特征、人物性格的反讽特征以及语言形式的反讽特征。这种反讽式手法的运用使作品产生了百感难言的情感张力和丰富的审美文化内蕴,其历史的真实性在今天的现实境遇中仍然具有启思价值。     

丰子恺皈依佛教的文化背景和心理因素

近代以降,中国佛学由出世向入世转向,对丰子恺的精神生活发生着不可忽视的影响。对无常之恸的深刻体悟与慧解,是丰子恺皈依佛教最直接的心理动因。如果说丰子恺隐晦地认为"宗教是对人的终极关怀",那么,毋宁说他是由"终极关怀"而走向宗教的。丰子恺的生活方式是隐逸性的,其内心深处与世不谐的疏离感,也驱使他逃避世俗,亲近佛教。青年时期的人文环境以及师友间的交往,对其佛教心理起着重要的暗示作用,弘一法师、夏丏尊、马一浮的影响尤甚。