A note on online strip packing

In online strip packing we are asked to pack a list of rectangles one by one into a vertical strip of unit width, without any information about future rectangles. The goal is to minimize the total height of strip used. The best known algorithm is First Fit Shelf algorithm (Baker and Schwarz in SIAM J. Comput. 12(3):508–525, 1983), which has an absolute competitive ratio of 6.99 under the assumption that the height of each rectangle is bounded from above by one. We improve the shelf algorithm and show an absolute competitive ratio of without the restriction on rectangle heights. Our algorithm also beats the best known online algorithm for parallel job scheduling. Ye’s research supported by NSFC(10601048). Zhang’s research supported by NSFC(60573020).     

竞争优势感知、个人声誉激励与知识工作者的内生动机:以知识的隐性程度为调节变量

知识工作者从事着复杂的、高度依赖于情境的知识工作,他们构成了知识型企业的价值来源。因此,如何管理和激励知识工作者已成为现代管理者所必须面对的管理挑战。理解知识工作者的内生动机是应对这一管理挑战的关键所在。本研究以自主理论为理论基础,探讨了个人获得的来自知识的竞争优势和个人声誉这两个影响知识工作者自主性和胜任力的重要因素对其内生动机的作用机理。以两家大型商业银行信贷业务人员为研究对象,本文的实证研究表明,个人声誉激励和个人来自知识的竞争优势的感知直接强化了个体从事知识工作的内生动机,竞争优势感知在个人声誉激励与内生动机之间起着部分中介作用,知识的隐性程度影响着整个过程。我们的研究检验了自主理论,对帮助企业管理和激励知识工作者有着直接的现实价值。     

The extended dynamic capabilities model: A meta-analysis

This paper investigates, from meta-analytic approach, some topics that were unexplored in others dynamic capabilities meta-analysis. Hence, our research advances to identify and test the main antecedents of dynamic capabilities, the possible moderation effects of economic and cultural contexts in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance and the mediation effects between the antecedents of dynamic capabilities and firm performance. (1) The elements that stimulate dynamic capabilities development are resources, knowledge and learning, alliances and environmental dynamism. However, entrepreneurial orientation has no direct relationship with dynamic capabilities. (2) Dynamic capabilities play a mediating role between resources, knowledge and learning, alliances and firm performance. Curiously, entrepreneurial orientation is not mediated by dynamic capabilities in relation to performance. (3) Economic and cultural moderation affect the relation between dynamic capabilities and performance. Surprisingly, we detected that an Eastern orientation, presenting a high level of power distance and a low level of individualism, promotes stronger effects in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance than a Western orientation. Thus, our main contribution is to broaden the previous research on dynamic capabilities and to propose a future research agenda. In addition, this study adds new empirical evidence to the study of dynamic capabilities, which reduces the heterogeneity of previous results.     

基于竞争情报方法对我国零售企业竞争态势的多角度研究

本文主要竞争情报方法中比较常用的两种方法———SWOT分析法和定标比超分析法对我国零售企业做了系统的分析,提出了我国零售业发展中存在的问题以及存在的优势和机会,并介绍了企业如何运用定标比超的方法来提高自身的竞争力。     

中兴国际化：基于价值链理论的分析

中兴从1995年开始向国外拓展,到2007年,国际市场营业收入达到57.8%。在国际化发展中,由于受通讯设备制造业行业特点的影响,中兴重视价值链整合,在局部价值活动上偏重于企业价值链中的技术研发和市场开拓,注重通过与运营商合作来实现增值业务价值链,并通过低成本优势和差异化竞争实现国际化发展中的竞争优势。文章认为要保持国际化发展中的持续竞争优势,中兴应关注企业创新、效率和风险规避。     

Frugality-based advantage

We analyze frugality-based advantage and explain its types and implications. Frugality-based advantage is an advantage that a firm achieves over competitors in its ability to develop and use frugal innovations, that is, innovations that overcome external resource constraints. We differentiate among three types of frugality-based advantages based on the external constraints they solve: (1) Input frugality-based advantage, which is the result of addressing restrictions in the provision of inputs needed for the production process; (2) Income frugality-based advantage, which is driven by solving limitations in the income of consumers; and (3) Infrastructure frugality-based advantage, which is the outcome of resolving constraints in the hard and soft infrastructure of the country. We explain how these three types of frugality-based advantages differ in their transferability across locations and their sustainability across time. Frugality-based advantage complements the resource-based view by explaining how the scarcity of external resources, rather than their abundance, can support the advantage of some firms.     

加强组织素质建设构筑持久竞争优势

全球经济一体化的加快 ,市场竞争的日益严酷及我国加入WTO日趋临近 ,持续竞争优势成为组织论成败的标志。文章提出了组织核心能力的概念 ,并从一个全新的角度来诠释组织核心能力构建基础———组织素质建设。从“素质观”的角度 ,研究组织素质在对组织核心能力贡献过程中的微观活动机理 ,以探寻组织获取持续竞争优势的有效途径。同时得出结论 :我国组织只有全面提高自身素质 ,才能以真正实力和全新面貌迎接WTO。     

目前我国差额选举问题评价

差额选举是相对于等额选举而言的,有其自身的发展脉络.差额选举的基本内容是指候选人数多于应选人数的一种选举制度.通过对东西方选举制度发展脉络的梳理,并以本地区为例分析了目前我国差额选举实施的情况,并指出积极推进差额选举不仅有益于我国选举制度的改革,也有益于我国民主法制建设的发展.     

Implementation of manufacturing strategy: A select study of Indian process companies

This paper presents findings of an extensive survey of Indian process companies. Based on the survey, three companies have been selected for detailed case studies. Their experiences in the manufacturing strategy process are analysed. Although the companies represented diversity in terms of product type, sales volume, longevity and geographic location, they shared several commonalities including use of advanced manufacturing technologies. The process of strategy formulation varied among the companies in terms of participants, complexity and degree of formalization. Competitive priorities, order winners and critical success factors are identified for these companies. Based on strategic manufacturing issues, manufacturing competence index for the companies has been worked out.