浅析《左传》刻画女性人物形象的艺术手法

《左传》虽工于叙战,但人物刻画亦富有光彩.作者以白描、语言描写、细节描写、侧面描写等艺术手法刻画女性人物,姜氏、怀赢、穆姜等女性跃然纸上.     

从雨果看浪漫主义作家的世界观和人物创造--兼议马克思恩格斯对浪漫主义的论述

现实主义作家和浪漫主义作家都有巨大成就,不可扬此抑彼.二者所用的创作方法不同,目的却是一样,殊途同归,异曲同工.不能用现实主义关于典型的标尺作为权衡浪漫主义或其他创作方法创造典型人物的共同尺度.雨果经历复杂,世界观产生了许多前后矛盾的痕迹,但他始终是一个资产阶级民主主义者和小资产阶级人道主义者.雨果也塑造了许多具有理想化特征的不平凡的人物.这些人物与现实主义作家所写的典型人物不同,属于浪漫主义典型人物.马克思恩格斯对浪漫主义作家批评甚多,从政治观点来看,无疑是正确的.诚然这些作家有其弱点,但包括雨果在内的浪漫主义作家在文艺创作中有很多地方值得赞扬,故不应对其大加贬抑.     

南传上座部佛教对西双版纳傣语的影响

语言和宗教的关系十分密切,居住在云南西双版纳的傣族全民信仰南传上座部佛教,南传上座部佛教对傣语的影响是直接的、具体的。本文从语言结构、语言使用、语言观念、文字创制等方面探讨了南传佛教对西双版纳傣语的影响。     

Randomized Response Techniques Using Maximum Likelihood Estimator

The randomized response (RR) technique with two decks of cards proposed by Odumade and Singh (2009) can always be made more efficient than the RR techniques proposed by Warner (1965), Mangat and Singh (1990), and Mangat (1994) by adjusting the proportion of cards in the decks. Arnab et al. (2012) generalized Odumade and Singh strategy (2009) for complex survey designs and wider class of estimators. In this paper improvement of Arnab et al. (2012) estimator has been made by using maximum likelihood method.     

Integrating risk and performance management in quality management systems for the development of complex bespoke systems (CBSs)

Abstract

Risk and performance management are at the core of complex bespoke systems (CBSs). CBSs are developed to customer–specified requirements in terms of structure, functionality and conformance. This article examines how risk and performance management are integrated as essential systems in the successful development of projects across multi-organizational functions in complex bespoke system (CBS) organizations. The article argues for the development of a quality management system that consists of two sub-processes: quality control and quality development. Using three case studies from engineering companies, we provide evidence and insights of the way change control, quality development and quality performance are developed in innovating business solutions.     

异体字与汉字学研究

异体字对于汉字的规范使用、信息的准确传递从来就有负面的影响,但作为巨量堆积的异体字,不仅是汉字演进发展的见证,并在汉字文化学研究上有重要的价值,而且异体字、俗字的多变性、多选择性和充满活力的特征,又在汉字演变和发展过程中,起过变革和积极的推动作用。     

秦印与秦陶文

秦印的研究经过历代学者的努力和９０年代西安秦封泥的大批出土与确认,学术界终于认清了秦印的真实面目,建立了秦印的客观标准。秦陶文中有两类抑印陶文,风格特征与目前所建立的秦印标准大不相同,为战国晚期秦到统一秦时期很有特色的两类秦印。第一类为秦兵马俑上不规则的抑印陶文,风格粗犷,应当为用木片或陶片刻划成印后拍印到兵马俑上。第二类为出土秦陶器上的抑印陶文,应当为制陶工人的私印。这两类印为专用印章,它们的确认,丰富了对秦印的认识,扩大了研究范围     

古代意象性思维方式在造字过程中的规范作用

意象性思维是一种主观情愿与外在物象相融合的思维方法,在创造中国古代表意文字的过程中,意象性思维方式也以其观象比类的认知途径,规范着中国古代文字发展的历史进程,引导着中国人在造字过程中的审美观念与方法。重新品味其在中国文字造字过程中的规范作用,体察其背后的逻辑方法论原则、审美观念、技术方法、文化传统、人文精神,我们就可以从逻辑与文化的角度,不断增强对传统思维方法论意义、文化认同意义的感受。     

词义演变与字形分化

汉字是汉语词义的外部表现形式,词义是汉字形体具体体现的内容。词义的发展会推动汉字字形的发展。字形发展的一个很重要途径是形体的分化,这种分化同时又是汉字系统内部的协调和发展。汉字字形分化有异体字分工和造分化字两种类型。     

Influence flows in the academy: Using affiliation networks to assess peer effects among researchers

Little is known about how influence flows in the academy, because of inherent difficulties in collecting data on large samples of friendship and advice-seeking networks over time. We propose taking advantage of the relative abundance of “affiliation network” data to assess aggregate patterns of how individual and dyadic characteristics channel influence among researchers. We formulate and test our approach using new data on 2034 faculty members at Stanford University over a 15-year period, analyzing different affiliations as potential influence channels for changes in grant productivity. Results indicate that research productivity is more malleable to ongoing interpersonal influence processes than suggested in prior research: a strong, salient tie to a colleague in an authority position is most likely to transmit influence, and most forms of influence are likely to spill over to behaviors outside those jointly produced by collaborators. However, the genders and institutional locations of ego-alter pairs significantly affect how influence flows.