儒道互补历史原因管窥——兼论道家对儒学独尊地位的挑战

儒道互补格局的形成,既与人性结构模式中自然性和社会性的矛盾统一密切相关,也有学说思想自身发展的内在必然性.通过制造关于圣人、经典和诗乐的神话,儒家在与君权建立神圣同盟时,早已使对语言文字、圣人经典的信仰敬畏变成普遍的民族文化心理,而百家之中,惟有道家通过彻底否定语言文字、圣人经典、君权政治等,对儒家的地位发起了挑战.儒家谋取和维护话语霸权,与道家消解和挑战其地位的努力相生相伴、相反相成,深刻影响了士人心性和民族文化精神.     

公司名称英译中的相对零翻译

本文在对102个公司英译名调查的基础上,采用邱懋如教授提出的"零翻译"和刘明东教授提出的绝对翻译和相对零翻译的概念,分析如何处理公司名称英译实践中出现的文化空缺.同时确定在公司名称英译中存在大量的相对零翻译,并探讨了三种具体实现相对零翻译的方法.     

Benchmark Analysis for Quantifying Urban Vulnerability to Terrorist Incidents

We describe a quantitative methodology to characterize the vulnerability of U.S. urban centers to terrorist attack, using a place-based vulnerability index and a database of terrorist incidents and related human casualties. Via generalized linear statistical models, we study the relationships between vulnerability and terrorist events, and find that our place-based vulnerability metric significantly describes both terrorist incidence and occurrence of human casualties from terrorist events in these urban centers. We also introduce benchmark analytic technologies from applications in toxicological risk assessment to this social risk/vulnerability paradigm, and use these to distinguish levels of high and low urban vulnerability to terrorism. It is seen that the benchmark approach translates quite flexibly from its biological roots to this social scientific archetype.     

The Poisson-exponential model for recurrent event data: an application to bowel motility data

This paper presents a new parametric model for recurrent events, in which the time of each recurrence is associated to one or multiple latent causes and no information is provided about the responsible cause for the event. This model is characterized by a rate function and it is based on the Poisson-exponential distribution, namely the distribution of the maximum among a random number (truncated Poisson distributed) of exponential times. The time of each recurrence is then given by the maximum lifetime value among all latent causes. Inference is based on a maximum likelihood approach. A simulation study is performed in order to observe the frequentist properties of the estimation procedure for small and moderate sample sizes. We also investigated likelihood-based tests procedures. A real example from a gastroenterology study concerning small bowel motility during fasting state is used to illustrate the methodology. Finally, we apply the proposed model to a real data set and compare it with the classical Homogeneous Poisson model, which is a particular case.     

美与和谐

和谐是各因素之间的协调一致,是美的基元。相反相成,对立统一,是形成和谐的根本原因。和谐美是形象的、有魅力的、具有生活的肯定性的。自然美的和谐偏于形式;社会美的和谐偏于内容,以人与人的关系为中心。和谐社会囊括并超越了社会美,且辐射到自然美、艺术美、科学美等领域。构建和谐社会,是人类伟大的美学工程。     

科技和道德的并存、对峙与互补

科学技术对道德有积极或消极作用;道德对科学技术也有推动或负面效应。科技和道德之间是双向互动、进退两难的。在这种相互交织的作用中,如何克服科技和道德的不利因素,促进它们的良性发展,既是人际交往的精神支柱,也是科研领域的应答课题。     

基于核心-辅助技术匹配的二次创新及其演化路径研究

本研究提出了基于核心技术与辅助技术匹配的二次创新及其演化模型,详细归纳了后发企业创新演化路径,以解释中国本土企业的创新成功。通过对中兴通讯案例的编码和归类,本文界定了后发企业核心技术与辅助技术的学习与相关创新。通过对纵向分析,后发企业的创新可以分为三个阶段:在狭义二次创新阶段,后发企业进行核心技术引进模仿和本地辅助技术的利用型创新,为核心技术适配本地的辅助技术;在后二次创新阶段,后发企业进行辅助技术探索和核心技术利用,跟踪国外新兴核心技术,进行基于辅助技术研发的价值创造型创新;在一次创新阶段,后发企业进行核心技术探索,并进行辅助技术利用以推动核心技术创新。本文归纳了两个理论命题:第一,发展中国家后发企业的创新是一个核心技术从模仿引进、利用创新到探索创新的演化过程,辅助技术常常先于核心技术进入探索阶段;第二,后发企业核心技术的利用创新驱动了辅助技术探索,核心技术探索创新驱动了辅助技术利用。     

产品组合竞争下远视互补品供应商联盟的稳定结构

考虑由4个远视供应商与1个零售商所组成的两层供应链系统,基于最大一致集的概念,探讨部分供应商可替代时互补品联合销售联盟的远视稳定结构。研究发现:当供应商的成本相差较小时,如果两类产品组合的零售竞争强度较小,则远视供应商会偏好各自独立销售给下游零售商;如果两类产品组合的零售竞争强度较大,则远视供应商会偏好形成一个由3个供应商联合销售的大联盟。当供应商的成本相差较大时,远视供应商会偏好形成联合销售的大联盟,或者偏好各自独立销售给下游零售商。但是,两个供应商形成的联合销售联盟不是远视稳定的。     

国有企业混合所有制改革:现状与理论探讨

混合所有制改革(混改)日益成为我国国有企业改革的重要举措。但经验证据显示,目前对有关混合所有制改革的推进仍比较谨慎和缓慢。混改推进缓慢的主要原因在于:国有集团公司资产规模大,股权定价困难;国有股东更愿意增持而不是出售盈利能力强的上市公司股份;混改的配套制度还不完善,特别是国有企业的信息披露不透明。效率观和资源互补观是我国国有企业混合所有制改革的逻辑和理论基础。考虑到国有企业性质、功能和层级的不同,未来国有企业的混合所有制改革,应当基于效率观、资源互补观来分类分层推进。将现有的混改“试点推进”制度改为“负面清单”制度,并且不断完善混合所有制改革的配套披露制度,是加快混合所有制改革的重要制度基础。     

On Sampling Designs with Ordered Conditional Inclusion Probabilities

In this paper we consider a family of sampling designs for which increasing first‐order inclusion probabilities imply, in a specific sense, increasing conditional inclusion probabilities. It is proved that the complementary Midzuno, the conditional Poisson, and the Sampford designs belong to this family. It is shown that designs of the family are more efficient than a comparable with‐replacement design. Furthermore, the efficiency gain is explicitly given for these designs.