论政府信任的概念内涵、形成因素与政治功能

在西方学术界,目前对于政府信任的研究已经成为当前政府再造工程推动过程中的一个重要研究课题,因此,政府信任应该成为政治学重视并加以研究的主题。“政府信任”在概念内涵上指公众在期望与认知之间对政府运作的一种归属心理和评价态度。公众对于政府信任的程度高低,乃是众多影响因素如经济、社会、政治与文化等交互作用的混和结果,而深层次的原因在于公众对政府的认知与公共期望之间的相对落差。政府信任涉及民众与政府间的互动关系,它能够扩大执政者的合法性基础,实现有机的社会整合,提高公共政策制定和执行的绩效。     

音乐的力量——余华小说叙事风格转变原因探析

20世纪80年代中后期的余华曾以冷漠叙事闻名文坛,90年代以来他一反原来对世界和人生的悲观消极看法,温情观照人世间的一切,音乐是其风格转变的重要契机音乐给予他爱,从而影响了他的文学观念;音乐激发了创作灵感,余华找到了独特的出场路径;音乐影响了他感知世界的方式,从而导致其作品叙事风格由冷漠向温情的转变.     

论浮龙·李的移情说

作为现代主义美学最初的理论 ,移情论体现出人们“自下而上”通过实验心理学探明审美心理的一种企图。浮龙·李以康德美学为起点 ,试图证明美不可能是存在于主体之外的事物本性 ,美只是人观察和解释事物时采取的一种主观方式。移情的发生归根结底在于不包含任何客体信息、不存在个体思想感情的普遍化概念 ;正是这种普遍化使得主体的活动被转移到客体继而成为客体的性质 ,即主客合一。移情是知觉在把握客体形状时一种不受干扰、平衡、稳定和持续的过程。进入人的意识并且对人的情感产生影响的是移情活动中生命力所发生的变化。浮龙·李通过生命力的变化以及人对这个变化的意识解释美感 ,因此 ,美感在浮龙·李的移情说中洋溢着对生命力的兴趣和肯定。但是 ,由于无功利前提 ,这个兴趣最后只能落在对人自身肌肉运动的意识上。人们批评移情论把移情的原始动力最终归结为器官的生理活动是损害了美的超越价值。     

论生态美学的美育

生态美学是人类迈向生态文明过程中出现的一种美学。生态美育在古代有其原始形态,现代意义上的生态美育是在浪漫美学的影响下而产生的。作为一种特殊的美育的形态,它具有丰富而独特的内涵。     

Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice

Existing literature on climate change as an issue of environmental justice documents the heightened vulnerability of people with disabilities to the effects of climate change. Additionally, there are numerous studies showing that access to information is a prerequisite for perceiving risk and taking action. Building on this work, our review seeks to understand how physical disability relates to perceptions of climate-related risk and adaptations to climate-related events. We introduce a critical realist model of climate justice to understand the relationships between the environmental features that disable, risk perception and information seeking, and adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change. In understanding the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people with disabilities to climate change, this review synthesizes research on one of the U.S.’s largest minority communities with the goals of better understanding how vulnerable populations cope with climate change and integrating them into climate action and policy.     

Information-seeking during acquaintanceship: Effects of level of social understanding and personal relevance

Two studies examined how individual differences in social understanding influence children's information-seeking orientations during an initial meeting with a peer, in which they do or do not anticipate future interaction. Study 1 involved a relatively controlled, laboratory setting in which 7-9 year old children were presented a list of questions from which to choose what to ask the peer. The findings indicate that children who view a person's behavior in terms of stable dispositional characteristics (high SDC), express greater interest in gathering trait-related information about an unfamiliar peer than children who do not perceive people in terms of stable traits (low SDC), but only when they expect to play games with that peer in a future interaction. Study 2 involved a more naturalistic observation of the actual questions 7-9 year old children ask during an initial meeting with an unfamiliar peer. The findings showed that high SDC children asked more questions of the peer when they expected interaction than when they did not, whereas low SDC children did not differ significantly across conditions. Taken together, the two studies indicate that the future, predictability orientation of high SDC children leads to a more extensive information search about a peer when they expect interaction with that peer involving instrumental choices.     

梅洛-庞蒂的现象空间:身体、知觉与体验

现象学语境下的空间不同于传统意义上的客观空间,它不是"位置的空间性",而是"处境的空间性"。现象身体对人的空间性存在具有奠基性的意义,它建构方向、确定位置、扩展空间,因而决定了现象空间的三种典型表现形式:定向的身体空间,定位的身体空间以及扩展的身体空间。通过对现象空间的分析,以下三点成为了理解现象空间的重要维度:进入现象空间入口的"身体",通向现象空间桥梁的"知觉"以及感受现象空间扭结的"体验"。     

夹缬图纹的意象解读与当代价值

夹缬是一种拥有民间传统工艺的纺织品,亦是最古老的一种印染技术。夹缬特殊的生产工艺和用材用料使它具有一种独特的美学特性。夹缬图纹中的形状、表现形式等揭示了其图纹中内在的视知觉意象,反映了以中国"天人感应"与"三纲五常"为核心的宗法伦理、图腾崇拜和民俗信仰的文化内涵。夹缬图纹的象征意义具有独有的社会价值:在设计夹缬图纹时,当代工匠以永嘉昆曲与温州婚嫁习俗为元素进行创作,反映出中国传统文化和特色习俗是设计发展的必然趋势;夹缬繁复精细的雕刻过程具有独特的工艺价值;夹缬中的靛花是由板蓝根和青黛组成,其无色素融合符合当今社会所提倡的环保理念与加工产品的诉求。     

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Risk-Reduction Strategies for Consumer Chemical Products

Communication about risks offers a voluntary approach to reducing exposure to pollutants. Its adequacy depends on its impact on behavior. Estimating those impacts first requires characterizing current activities and their associated risk levels, and then predicting the effectiveness of risk-reduction strategies. Characterizing the risks from chemical consumer products requires knowledge of both the physical and the behavioral processes that influence exposures. This article presents an integrated approach that combines consumer interviews, users' beliefs and behaviors, and quantitative exposure modeling. This model was demonstrated in the context of consumer exposure to a methylene chloride-based paint stripper, showing how it could be used to evaluate current levels of risk and predict the effectiveness of proposed voluntary risk-reduction strategies.