独立后吉尔吉斯斯坦俄语发展现状研究

俄语仍然是吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国的官方语言，在吉尔吉斯斯坦仍然保持着较高的使用率。俄语的社会价值导致了吉尔吉斯斯坦吉-俄双语现象的产生，双语制成为吉尔吉斯斯坦的一个主要特征和最重要的文化价值之一。吉国大部分居民有继续保持俄语现有的地位、使用吉-俄双语制的心理倾向，但是，俄语在吉尔吉斯斯坦的发展过程中仍然面临着民族、政治、文化诸方面的挑战。     

Developing a public health policy-research nexus: An evaluation of Nurse Practitioner models in aged care

A frustration often expressed by researchers and policy-makers in public health is an apparent mismatch between respective priorities and expectations for research. Academics bemoan an oversimplification of their work, a reticence for independent critique and the constant pressure to pursue evaluation funding. Meanwhile, policy-makers look for research reports written in plain language with clear application, which are attuned to current policy settings and produced quickly. In a context where there are calls in western nations for evidence based policy with stronger links to academic research, such a mismatch can present significant challenges to policy program evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to present one attempt to overcome these challenges. Specifically, the paper describes the development of a conceptual framework for a large-scale, multifaceted evaluation of an Australian Government health initiative to expand Nurse Practitioner models of practice in aged care service delivery. In doing so, the paper provides a brief review of key points for the facilitation of a strong research-policy nexus in public health evaluations, as well as describes how this particular evaluation embodies these key points. As such, the paper presents an evaluation approach which may be adopted and adapted by others undertaking public health policy program evaluations.     

多维理论视角下的合作行为探析

合作行为一直是国内外学者们的重要研究课题,不同的学科、不同的理论给出了不同的解释。学者们以"行为体之间的合作行为的发生和维持"作为研究主题,分别从以基因为核心变量下的合作行为、文化影响下的合作行为、博弈互动影响下的合作行为和认知影响下的合作行为等多维理论视角对合作行为做出阐释,这些理论阐释既有共同点,也有不同点,既有相一致的方面,也有相冲突的方面。通过对这些理论阐释的基本内容和关键变量进行系统梳理和逻辑剖析,展现这些理论阐释的各自优缺点,并在此基础上对这些理论观点加以综合比较,最终揭示行为体之间的合作行为是如何发生并维持下去的。     

Social Policy from Olson to Ostrom: A Case Study of Dutch Disability Insurance

Social policy development and reform in corporatist welfare states often follows a pattern of subsequent collectivization and de‐collectivization. This has to do, the article argues, with the social problems these phases address. Early social policy development forms a response to Olson‐type collective action problems that organized actors (labour and employers' organizations) in the field experience: state‐obliged benefits solve free rider problems, while bipartite administration allows labour and employers' organizations to organize their constituencies. This solution to Olson‐type collective action problems, however, also constitutes an Ostrom‐type collective action problem. Such a system functions as a common pool resource. Individual benefit take‐up is experienced as free and the costs of benefit take‐up are collectivized in the common pool. The article illustrates this pattern with reference to Dutch disability insurance.     

Promoting Children's Welfare by Inter‐professional Practice and Learning in Social Work and Primary Care

Social work in the United Kingdom is an activity that benefits from, and often requires, co‐operation between different staff and across different professions. How this is to be achieved has been a central dilemma for practice and policy for many years. Primary care health services often play a key role. New policy and practice developments are designed to promote inter‐professional working with children, where research has shown significant problems in the community‐based health care of looked after children, children leaving care, and children at serious risk. There is, however, little evidence from research that supports current developments in inter‐professional practice; analysis of the particular nature of the inter‐professional problems is lacking, as are therefore the relevant inter‐professional solutions. A framework for better analysis, linked to developments in practice‐based research, one that would yield significant improvements for children's welfare, is presented here.     

出生性别比综合治理:有所为,有所不为

从1980年我国出生性别比越过正常值域至今,党和各级政府制订了种种措施进行综合治理,但取得的成效甚微。这一时期我国治理工作的特点有:重视禁止性法律法规的制定,但与之相配套的规章制度比较缺乏;重视目标任务的提出,但落实目标的措施比较缺乏;部门性、专项性规章制度较多,综合性规章制度比较缺乏。今后一段时期内综合治理工作,可以按照避实就虚、避难就易的原则,在大力发展社会经济、建立健全社会养老制度、相关法律法规的制定与完善、加大对两非行为的打击力度等方面有所作为;而在人口生育政策的调整、传统文化的改变等方面有所不为。     

东西相遇：中德双校园学习差异性比较分析——基于Z大学中德合作2＋3项目学生的访谈

在对Z大学中德合作2＋3项目留德学生访谈的基础上，以差异性分析为视角，从教学组织、专业学习和校园生活三个纬度，分析了项目学生对两校园学习的差异性体验，并从文化价值、教育体制、教育投入方面探究其原因，提出了强化国际合作、提升师资能力水平、加大工程实训领域投入等对策。     

Old-Age Homes and Services

Summary

Although generational co-residence continues to be the dominant form of housing and care for Indian elders and only 1% live in old-age homes, the numbers and types of these homes are growing. This article describes a recent study of 48 old-age homes in different parts of India, approximately 12%-15% of all homes. They included the more traditional free homes for the aged poor who have no family to care for them and the more recent for-pay homes for the middle-class. A small number of day-care centers, also a new phenomenon, were investigated. Two- to three-hour structured interviews were conducted with managers, supervisors, and trustees, augmented by a checklist of environmental and neighborhood features. Most homes house small numbers of residents, have common spaces for dining, TV and prayer, have access to medical care and transportation, provide meals and some assistance with activities of daily living, and are open to all castes. All are run by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), only one-third with any government assistance. Free homes tend to be bigger and older, serve non-aged clients, have less privacy and emphasize occupational therapy and income-generating activities, and are more like board-and-care homes. For-pay homes have more privacy and western-style amenities, focus on local community outreach and provide fewer meals. The gradual increase of all old-age homes has given rise to debates about their appropriate roles in Indian society and about their quality. Government grants to NGOs for homes and day-care centers (often considered more appropriate support for elders) are limited. With the National Policy on Older Persons looking to NGOs and village councils to be the primary sources of non-familial aged care, several ways to build their capacity are suggested.     

从苏丹个案看中国对阿外交之成长

苏丹是中国外交参与程度较深的发展中国家,中苏双边关系的发展演变不仅始终彰显着共同发展的主旋律,也清晰地反映了中国对阿外交的成长轨迹。在民族解放运动蓬勃发展时期,中国和苏丹的相互援助加速了全球殖民体系的瓦解,整体上推动了发展中国家的社会发展进程。在此后的全球化浪潮中,中国逐步深度参与了苏丹的经济事务,帮助苏丹实现了经济腾飞和国内持久和平。以南北矛盾和达尔富尔人道主义灾难为主要内容的苏丹危机,是中国外交参与国际事务时必须直面的挑战之一。中国外交必须重新审视与西方和发展中国家关系的基本内容和应对技巧,在深度参与中逐步走向成熟,实现外交转型和国家形象重塑。     

约旦社会保障制度改革及其启示

和世界上大多数国家一样,约旦也面临着越来越严重的人口老龄化问题。为此,约旦政府在社会保障领域实施了三项重要的改革措施。一是参数式改革,即不改变现有制度的性质,只是调整具体的参数;二是整合碎片化制度改革,把公务员和军事人员纳入全国统一的社保制度中来;三是未雨绸缪,积极开展公共预筹积累制改革,融资模式由现收现付制逐步过渡到部分积累制,不断完善投资管理体制。这三项改革不仅符合世界银行提倡的改革模式,而且这三项改革措施之间的相互配合与协调,有力地推动了约旦社保制度的改革和发展,具有极强的借鉴意义。