走出离合词现象的迷局——从准定语与准名词现象入手

词的离合现象是语法研究中的老大难问题。文章独辟蹊径,从与词的离析使用密切相关的准定语和准名词入手,根据句子的信息结构原则,解释了词的离合现象的成因。文章指出,话语的信息结构安排是促成句法结构重组的语用推力:话题语的指称化处置诱发了准定语结构的操作,基本不涉及词的离析;评述语受单一新信息原则制约而出现的事件化处置,迫使及物性低的双音词强行拆分以容纳事件化所需要素,是诱发词的离析并催生准定语和准名词的直接动因。文章的观点是,用朴素的眼光看汉语,汉语中并无什么离合词,词的离合只是非形态语中双音词的用法变异,是语用型语言句子信息结构进行整编与重组的副产品。     

铁道车辆轮轴裂纹检测及计算

研究了轮轴嵌入部內、外侧裂纹的检测方法,给出了考虑材质差、常数补偿的裂纹径向深度计算方法,设计了以单片机为核心的便携式数据处理装置。     

农用地的评价及合理利用的探讨

农用地的评价与利用的研究,是人口与土地矛盾发展的客观要求,内容包括:(1)农用地评价的方法、原则、步骤、项目与指标的选择;(2)农用地对特定作物的单因子限制性强度和综合适应度;(3)对农用地利用现状的合理性及投入产出效益进行评估;(4)制定新的农用地利用规划,并保证经济效益、总产出最佳,作出新利用方式的后效评价。文章还对目前存在于我国土地评价中的几个问题进行了讨论。     

The role of cohabitation in family formation: The United States in comparative perspective

The prevalence of nonmarital cohabitation is steadily increasing in the United States. In evaluating the contribution of this new living arrangement to family formation, analysts have relied primarily on comparisons between individuals who cohabit and those who do not. We complement this line of inquiry by comparing the United States and 16 industrialized nations. We first identify six conceptually distinct ideal types of cohabitation with respect to family formation. We then propose empirical indicators to distinguish between the different ideal types, and estimate the values of these indicators for each of the 17 nations. Our findings indicate that although a number of countries fit an empirical pattern corresponding to one ideal type, cohabitation in the United States is more difficult to characterize.     

The Single Assessment Process in Primary Care: Older People's Accounts of the Process

Recent government policies have been active in addressing socialinclusion and active participation of older people in many aspectsof societal life. Independence and well-being animate thesedevelopments and are evident in the emphasis on person-centredservices within the single assessment process for older people(Department of Health, 2002b). Drawing on a feasibility study of the Single Assessment Processas a ‘case-finding’ approach, this paper presentsfindings drawn from older people’s accounts of this experience.These accounts indicate the potential of the process for identifying‘low-level’ need, whilst raising issues of accessto formal services and resource constraint; also they underlinethe importance of understanding how older people seek ways ofmanaging their own health and well-being, whilst continuingto contribute to the social cohesion of society by providingsupport to their peers and to younger generations. Interdependence, it is suggested, rather than dependence shouldunderlie any approach to assessing older people’s needs,if we are to appreciate and build upon the complexity of olderpeople’s strategies for actively managing their lives.     

不同不育系所配杂交水稻组合在单、双株寄栽条件下的秧苗素质分析

通过对不同不育系所配杂交水稻组合在单、双株寄裁条件下的秧苗素质研究，结果表明：Ⅱ-32A所配组合的总根数、白根数、白根率和分蘖性能等指标均较优，特别是白根率高，根系活力和分案能力强，但繁茂性稍差。冈46A所配组合其突出特点是叶面积和苗高占优势，繁茂性好，秧田各时期的于物质积累能力较强，但根系活力稍差，白根率较低。二汕A所配组合的特点是在发根力和根系活力上稍占优势，白报率较高。D汕A所配组合无突出特点。寄款方式对秧苗素质影响很大，主要表现在前期和后期的差异大。前期双株秧稍占优势，但在后期刊单株放的优势很明显。因此，在土壤肥沃，水源充足的地方，为培育壮秧，增加秧龄弹性，应提倡单株寄栽。     

一类自反代数的单元和自同构

讨论了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ中自反代数　的一些性质。指出了在　中非零单元与一秩算子是等价的．特别证明了　的每一自同构都是自动连续的，此外，若Ｘ还是自反的，则　的自同构必是空间的。     

自由电子激光放大实验的准光腔毫米波信号注入器

本文提出了一种用旋转柱形三反射镜准光腔作为自由电子激光放大实验系统的毫米波信号能量注入器主体的注入装置。理论和实验研究表明,该注入器具有模式单一、注入效率高(49.3％)、单向传输性好(定向传输)和有良好的单色性等一系列显著的优点。     

Kinship Strategies and Self-Sufficiency Among Single Mothers by Choice: Post Modern Family Ties

This article discusses findings from an on-going study of 50 single mothers by choice: women aged 21 to 50 when they become mothers, who are self-supporting economically, and who have chosen to become mothers as unmarried women. The interviews include women (both heterosexual and lesbian) who vary widely by race and social class. We argue that this group of women demonstrate ways of maintaining economic self-sufficiency—relying neither on the state nor on a male provider—through creative efforts at networking, resource sharing, and non-economic exchanges. We find that the route the women take to motherhood (adoption, known donor pregnancies, anonymous donor insemination, or accidental pregnancy) has a strong impact on the makeup of specific kin relationships between the mothers, their children, and others; yet all the mothers strategically forge or foster close ties which enable them to raise their children independently.     

Parenting stress and behavior among single mothers of preschoolers: The mediating role of self‐efficacy

Abstract

This study examines the role of perceived self‐efficacy in mediating relations between mothers’ parenting behavior and variables such as maternal employment status, depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Subjects were 93 employed and 95 nonemployed, single, black mothers of a 3–5‐year‐old child who were current and former welfare recipients. Using linear structural relations modeling (LISREL), the findings support a model whereby (a) the more behavior problems the child is perceived to have, the more depressive symptoms the mother feels; (b) the more depressive symptoms the mother feels, the more likely she is to rate herself high in parenting stress; (c) the more depressive symptoms and parenting stress the mother experiences, the lower is the mother's estimate of her self‐efficacy; and (d) the lower the mother's self‐efficacy, the less competent is her parenting. The findings for employment status are similar; i.e., maternal employment predicted a trajectory leading to somewhat better parenting. In addition, child behavior problems were associated with less competent parenting both directly and indirectly through their effect on parenting stress and self‐efficacy. These results suggest that self‐efficacy has import as a mediator of the relations between maternal parenting and other psychosocial variables. There is no evidence, based on these findings, that employment in the low‐wage market is harmful either for single black mothers or their preschool children. However, job availability and an increase in the minimum wage are important policy considerations.