探寻闽台农业技术进步的差异——基于单要素生产率的视角

基于海峡西岸经济区建设的大背景,在发展现代农业的趋势下,以农业技术进步为切入点,在对福建与台湾的土地、劳动力和资本等生产要素的产出率进行实证分析的基础上,探寻闽台农业技术进步类型的转变,对比闽台农业技术进步的阶段性差异,提出了推进福建农业发展的技术路径选择:(1)从技术供给与技术需求两方面共同推动福建农业实质性的技术进步;(2)强化技术成果与农业产业链的融合,实现技术应用领域的纵向延伸;(3)依靠综合性技术进步模式,横向上拓展福建农业的发展空间。     

A double acceptance sampling plan for generalized log-logistic distributions with known shape parameters

A double acceptance sampling plan for the truncated life test is developed assuming that the lifetime of a product follows a generalized log-logistic distribution with known shape parameters. The zero and one failure scheme is mainly considered, where the lot is accepted if no failures are observed from the first sample and it is rejected if two or more failures occur. When there is one failure from the first sample, the second sample is drawn and tested for the same duration as the first sample. The minimum sample sizes of the first and second samples are determined to ensure that the true median life is longer than the given life at the specified consumer’s confidence level. The operating characteristics are analyzed according to various ratios of the true median life to the specified life. The minimum such ratios are also obtained so as to lower the producer’s risk at the specified level. The results are explained with examples.     

北京市生育政策调整对出生人口规模的影响

在全面分析北京市户籍人口生育水平、育龄妇女孩次结构、独生子女比例、婚配模式、人口迁移和生育意愿的基础上,本文分析了北京生育政策调整对出生人口规模产生的影响。结果表明户籍人口放开单独对北京新增出生人口的影响非常小,2020年以前每年对北京市户籍人口出生规模的影响在1万-2万人左右,远远低于迁入人口规模的影响。     

单片机在高炉料流调节控制中的应用

本文介绍一种以8031单片机为核心的高炉料流调节的电脑控制器．该控制器具有设计新颖、可靠性高、性能稳定、结构简单、控制精度高和成本低廉等特点．经模拟实验验证,满足技术要求,对机电系统的改造具有一定的借鉴作用．     

降低单强变异系数 提高转杯纱质量的工艺探讨

单强变异系数是转杯纱评等的一项重要指标,可以通过调整一些工艺参数来降低转杯纱单强变异系数,从而提高转杯纱质量。     

Financial incentives to work: A quasi‐experimental analysis of in‐work cash benefits for single mothers

This study examined the effectiveness of a voluntary welfare‐to‐work programme nationally implemented in Israel in 2003 and 2004. The programme included temporary in‐work benefits in the form of cash bonuses for single mothers who were receiving Income Support Benefits in 2003, when a far reaching change in the Income Support Scheme was implemented. The study focused on the effect of the bonuses on employment rate, earnings, earnings improvement and welfare exit. Based on administrative data and Propensity Score Matching, the evaluation included all single mothers who participated in the voluntary programme and a comparison group of eligible single mothers who did not participate. The programme had a positive long‐term effect on employment, earnings and earnings improvement among single mothers. However, it had no effect on their rate of exit from the Income Support Programme.     

Parenting stress and behavior among single mothers of preschoolers: The mediating role of self‐efficacy

Abstract

This study examines the role of perceived self‐efficacy in mediating relations between mothers’ parenting behavior and variables such as maternal employment status, depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Subjects were 93 employed and 95 nonemployed, single, black mothers of a 3–5‐year‐old child who were current and former welfare recipients. Using linear structural relations modeling (LISREL), the findings support a model whereby (a) the more behavior problems the child is perceived to have, the more depressive symptoms the mother feels; (b) the more depressive symptoms the mother feels, the more likely she is to rate herself high in parenting stress; (c) the more depressive symptoms and parenting stress the mother experiences, the lower is the mother's estimate of her self‐efficacy; and (d) the lower the mother's self‐efficacy, the less competent is her parenting. The findings for employment status are similar; i.e., maternal employment predicted a trajectory leading to somewhat better parenting. In addition, child behavior problems were associated with less competent parenting both directly and indirectly through their effect on parenting stress and self‐efficacy. These results suggest that self‐efficacy has import as a mediator of the relations between maternal parenting and other psychosocial variables. There is no evidence, based on these findings, that employment in the low‐wage market is harmful either for single black mothers or their preschool children. However, job availability and an increase in the minimum wage are important policy considerations.     

How to Deal With Moral Tales: Constructions and Strategies of Single‐Parent Families

This study explored how normative understandings based on the nuclear family ideology are linked to constructions of single‐parent families and sheds light on the strategies single parents and their children adopt in dealing with negative accounts. Guided by social constructionist and configurational approaches, the in‐depth analysis is based on an Austrian qualitative study, comprising interviews with 50 ten‐year‐old children and their 71 parents, living in nuclear, reconstituted, and single‐parent families. The results showed that single‐parent families are constructed predominantly in terms of deficits and disadvantages, with the nuclear family serving as an ideological code along the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity, and stability. To deal with negative accounts, single parents and their children use three basic types of strategy: (a) imitation, (b) compensation, and (c) delimitation.     

Correlates of Women's Adjustment During the Separation and Divorce Process

This study sought to clarify those factors related to successful adjustment at different times during the divorce process. A longitudinal research design was used to study three diverse sam- ples of women in the process of adaptation. Certain variables previ- ously found to predict adjustment, such as the woman's a e and the f presence of children, were not significantly associated wit the mul- tiple indicators of adjustment used in this study. Sex role attitudes, social isolation, and inter-spouse acrimony emerged as stronger cor- relates of adjustment. The predictive power of several variables changed over time, emphasizing the importance of controlling the length of separation for a given sample.     

When the Spirit Blooms: Acquiring Higher Education in the Context of Welfare Reform

ABSTRACT

Established within a political context greatly influenced by stereotypical assumptions of impoverished women of color, welfare reform codified a work-first philosophy meant to attack perceived “dependency” and spur “self-sufficiency.” This article describes the shortcomings of the work-first approach and highlights the importance of higher education for helping women, and especially women of color, achieve economic well-being. It then reports key findings from a study that examines the impact of higher education on the lives of welfare participants in California. Utilizing a mix of surveys, focus groups, and personal interviews, this study finds that despite the challenges associated with balancing parenthood, college-level coursework, and the bureaucratic demands of welfare reform, the stereotypical notions of the “welfare queen” do not apply. Instead, study participants exhibited a high level of ambition, persistence, determination, and hard work in pursuit of their educational ambitions; and in the process, improved their lives and the lives of their children.