论教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为的民事责任承担

教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为理论上属于广义上的共同侵权行为,但在民事责任的承担上具有特殊性.从规范模式看,教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为在我国经历了由司法解释到民事立法的演变过程,但现行立法规定仍有完善必要.教唆人与帮助人在侵权行为中的主观恶性及其对后果的影响等方面明显不同,因而在民事责任承担上应有所区别.教唆、帮助非完全民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的,应根据被教唆、帮助的对象不同确立相应的民事责任承担规则.即教唆无民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的,由教唆人承担全部责任;教唆限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的,由教唆人承担主要责任.     

“单性异体”与“两性合体”：从女娲神话到伏羲女娲神话考论

女娲与伏羲是我国上古神话内容体系中的重要人物,且二者经常相伴出现,粘合度甚高。女娲伏羲神话的形成演变具有一定的历史特点及内在规律,即女娲神话最初以“单性异体”的形貌出现,成为中华民族的创世始祖神;后与社会发展形态适应,出现伏羲女娲相结合的“两性合体”神话,女娲成为伏羲的配偶神;随着男性权力的日益巩固,伏羲成为文明时代的先祖,演变为“三皇”之首,地位不断升高。女娲神话与伏羲神话的发展脉络彼此交错,既自为一体又相互结合。梳理其演变轨迹,分析二神神话不同阶段出现的原因及内涵,有助于探索中国神话的历史文化意蕴及其民族文化精神。     

Exact calculation of power and sample size in bioequivalence studies using two one‐sided tests

The number of subjects in a pharmacokinetic two‐period two‐treatment crossover bioequivalence study is typically small, most often less than 60. The most common approach to testing for bioequivalence is the two one‐sided tests procedure. No explicit mathematical formula for the power function in the context of the two one‐sided tests procedure exists in the statistical literature, although the exact power based on Owen's special case of bivariate noncentral t‐distribution has been tabulated and graphed. Several approximations have previously been published for the probability of rejection in the two one‐sided tests procedure for crossover bioequivalence studies. These approximations and associated sample size formulas are reviewed in this article and compared for various parameter combinations with exact power formulas derived here, which are computed analytically as univariate integrals and which have been validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The exact formulas for power and sample size are shown to improve markedly in realistic parameter settings over the previous approximations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对中国国库集中支付制度改革的思考

随着中国财政体制改革的不断深入,国库集中支付制度在全国范围内开始逐步推广实施,这项制度的推行对于中国的经济发展具有极其深远的意义。本文主要研究了进行国库集中支付制度改革的意义和所存在的问题,在此基础上提出了进一步完善国库集中支付制度的思路。     

略论宋代铜钱外流高丽问题

以北宋徽宗崇宁年间为界,宋钱外流高丽的状况和方式,分为两个阶段。以宋仁宗庆历年间为界,宋朝针对铜钱外流高丽的禁令分前后两个阶段。宋钱流入高丽使高丽社会经济发生重大变化,使高丽融入宋朝的货币体系中,成为东亚货币体系中的一员。宋钱外流,客观上在东亚地区形成了一个统一的货币体系,赋予了东亚世界经济的特征。     

Order statistics from non-identical right-truncated Lomax random variables with applications

In this paper, we derive some recurrence relations for the single and the product moments of order statistics from n independent and non-identically distributed Lomax and right-truncated Lomax random variables. These recurrence relations are simple in nature and could be used systematically in order to compute all the single and product moments of all order statistics in a simple recursive manner. The results for order statistics from the multiple-outlier model (with a slippage of p observations) are deduced as special cases. We then apply these results by examining the robustness of censored BLUE's to the presence of multiple outliers. Received: November 30, 1998; revised version: March 8, 2000     

Polynomial Factorization for Servers with Semi-Markovian Workload: Performance and Numerical Aspects of a Verified Solution Technique

Abstract

We investigate polynomial factorization as a classical analysis method for servers with semi-Markov arrival and service processes. The modeling approach is directly applicable to queueing systems and servers in production lines and telecommunication networks, where the flexibility in adaptation to autocorrelated processes is essential.

Although the method offers a compact form of the solution with favourable computation time complexity enabling to consider large state spaces and system equations of high degree, numerical stability is not guaranteed for this approach. Therefore we apply interval arithmetic in order to get verified results for the workload distributions, or otherwise to indicate that the precision of the computation has to be improved. The paper gives an overview of numerical and performance aspects of factorization in comparison to alternative methods.     

Non-linear models 1

This is the first application of a new method for testing stationary random point processes. Consider the class of all stationary ergodic point processes on the real line with arbitrary dependences among the inter–point distances (spacing).The hypothesis is :The observed process φ is a homogeneous Poisson process or more (resp.less) regular than a Poisson process.The sample is the vector of the first n points t₁, …,t_n.There is a close relation between our method for testing and queueing theory: For finding an appropriate test statistic, we observe the behaviour of a single server queue with the input φ.A table of critical values is given.     

Allometric Scaling: Analysis of LD50 Data

The need to identify toxicologically equivalent doses across different species is a major issue in toxicology and risk assessment. In this article, we investigate interspecies scaling based on the allometric equation applied to the single, oral LD ₅₀ data previously analyzed by Rhomberg and Wolff.⁽ 1 ⁾ We focus on the statistical approach, namely, regression analysis of the mentioned data. In contrast to Rhomberg and Wolff's analysis of species pairs, we perform an overall analysis based on the whole data set. From our study it follows that if one assumes one single scaling rule for all species and substances in the data set, then β= 1 is the most natural choice among a set of candidates known in the literature. In fact, we obtain quite narrow confidence intervals for this parameter. However, the estimate of the variance in the model is relatively high, resulting in rather wide prediction intervals.     

基于三维校正的SHGC物体三维结构提取方法

针对SHGC(straight homogeneous generalized cylinders)图像的特点与从单幅图像中提取三维信息困难,设计了一种基于单幅SHGC图像和三维校正的三维结构提取方法。与传统的SHGC三维结构提取方法不同,该方法从三维空间中匹配的角度出发,构造一个二维横截面,在二维横截面上增加一个z轴,通过平移、旋转预先构造好的三维横截面,将构造好的横截面与原图像中SHGC物体的横截面进行兴趣点匹配,从而确定最优化结果时的仿射成像参数(λ,θ),通过成像参数可以成功提取SHGC横截面的三维信息,结合SHGC的子午线轮廓信息定性地得到整个SHGC物体的三维信息,提取SHGC表面的纹理,通过三角网格的方法将纹理贴到三维物体表面。实验论证了本文提出的三维结构提取方法是可行的和正确的。