“一带一路”倡议下我国设立国际商事法庭的必要性

“一带一路”倡议对深化沿线各国商事交往提出了新的挑战,世界范围内现存的国际商事纠纷解决途径并不能满足处理“一带一路”倡议下可能产生国际商事纠纷的需要。结合“一带一路”倡议,通过对新加坡国际商事法庭和迪拜国际金融中心法院的研究,认为我国设立国际商事法庭有其必要性。必要性一方面在于国际商事法庭的自身优势,另一方面在于其可帮助我国处理不断激增的涉外案件、减少文化冲突等。     

最高人民法院与条约司法适用机制的完善

国际条约的司法适用是实现条约法律效力的要求,但现有宪法、法律和司法解释对条约在我国法律体系中的地位及其效力位阶的规定尚不明确。法院的司法活动可以在法律规定模糊、存在漏洞时,在不违背立法原意的情况下起到明确法律内涵和填补法律漏洞的作用。因此,为了保障我国切实履行条约义务,最高人民法院应在法律规定的范围内率先采取完善国际条约司法适用的措施,包括出台司法解释、公布相关指导案例、建立逐级汇报制度、在内部设立专门机构等,从而为将来时机成熟之时在宪法和法律中规定这些内容做好准备。     

Does the Interest Group Choir Really “Sing with an Upper Class Accent?‘

Abstract

Since Schattschneider (1960), several scholars have argued that the least powerful groups in society will have limited access to the governmental arena; the bias inherent in the system will largely prevent those lacking in power from attaining many of their policy preferences. Yet race and gender-based groups, two of the least powerful groups in society, have been relatively successful in getting some of their demands turned into policy.     

An Overview of and Comments on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Abstract

The authors overview the key components of the ADA in this article. A discussion is offered on why and how persons with disabilities are discriminated against. Critical United States Supreme Court decisions are presented; these decisions have greatly limited the power of the ADA in protecting the rights of persons with disabilities. Even though the United States Supreme Court has narrowed the impact of the ADA in American life, a number of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) cases are presented suggesting this federal agency is attempting to protect persons with disabilities against discrimination. Finally, the authors deal with the topic of advocacy; advocacy may well be one of the most effective tools to help insure that the rights of people with disabilities are protected.     

美国国际贸易法院的设置及其启示

海关案件和外贸案件远比一般的经济行政案件复杂。美国于1890年设立总评估局,对海关和外贸行政行为进行裁决;于1909年设立海关上诉法院,审理就总评估局的裁决所提出的上诉;于1926年改总评估局为海关法院。1980年,美国国会又通过立法将海关法院改为国际贸易法院,并明确了该法院的地位和受案范围。研究美国国际贸易法院,既有助于中国企业维护自己的权益,也为建立中国的涉外经济审判机构提供了借鉴。     

Seventeenth-Century Pronk Poppenhuisen: Domestic Space and the Ritual Function of Dutch Dollhouses for Women

ABSTRACT

A number of pronk poppenhuisen, or “dollhouses for show” were commissioned in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Netherlands for adult women. The large wooden cabinets with multiple partitioned spaces construct a fully furnished Dutch home in miniature, complete with dolls representing family, servants, and pets. The dollhouses have been primarily regarded as sophisticated collections enjoyed by elite female connoisseurs. This study will investigate the surviving dollhouses of Petronella de la Court, Petronella Dunois, and Petronella Oortman as complex didactic objects that prescribed an ideal domestic identity for Dutch mothers and wives in the early modern Netherlands, in part through a three-dimensional structure that encouraged a tactile, physically interactive relationship with the viewer. Manipulation of the dolls within selective, gendered architectural spaces allowed the dollhouse owners to visualize the ideal Dutch home and “perform” their appropriate role within it as productive, disciplined, and orderly wives, mothers, and domestic managers.     

变动国际体系中国际法院作用的评估

在国际体系向全球化时代变动的过程中，国际法院的积极作用日益明显。至今为止，国际法院在冷战后的表现让人欣慰不已，但考虑到常设国际法院及国际法院在一战、二战后共有的先盛后衰的经历，对国际法院的表现抱以谨慎的乐观态度才较为妥当。国际社会应该给予国际法院更多表现其公正的机会。     

唐代宫廷的几项体育活动述略

对马球、拔河、围棋运动作了详尽、广泛述略.马球运动在唐代自吐蕃传入,于宫廷盛行;上自皇室宗亲,达官贵人,下至宫女侍宦,皆能驱马挥杖,驰骋球场;拔河活动兴起于春秋,鼎盛于大唐,因简规陋地,易于开展,历经宋、元、明、清,至今仍经久不衰;围棋运动始于先秦,至唐时大盛,棋技亦臻于成熟,故演绎至今,更趋完美无瑕.     

论地图在国际法院解决领土争端中的证明价值——析地图证据之于钓鱼岛列岛争端

通常,国际法院在解决领土争端的过程中,仅将地图和其他图表资料作为补强证据,并不视为一国取得领土主权的权原.但是,如果地图成为解决领土边界条约不可分割的一部分,或者对另一方产生承认、默认或禁止反言之效果,充分体现当事国之间确定的意图,那么对争议领土的主权归属的判定则具有不可反驳的推定作用,等同于法律权利.而且,与私人绘制的地图相比,一般来源于官方、相反利益方、第三方以及中立机构的地图证明价值较大.根据国际法院适用的证据分量大小比较规则,通过对中国、日本和第三方绘制的早期地图证明价值的分析,我国对钓鱼岛列岛享有无可辩驳的历史主权.     

论国际刑事法院管辖权范围的有限性与扩张性

国际刑事法院的管辖权范围原则上限于缔约国领土及其具有缔约国国籍的自然人,并且只针对灭绝种族罪、危害人类罪、战争罪、侵略罪四种严重的国际犯罪,适用不溯及既往的原则,这种管辖权范围的有限性体现了国家主权原则。但根据《罗马规约》的规定,国际刑事法院管辖权也有可能及于非缔约国,管辖罪行认定标准的广泛性与主观性可能导致国际刑事法院管辖权范围的扩大,此种管辖权范围隐含的扩张性显然强调了国际刑事法院管辖权的普遍性质。