Linking Housing Changes to Crime

Housing figures prominently in debates about crime in Britain. It has become commonplace to comment on the increasing associations between crime and council housing. This paper explores some of the issues which link housing and crime. It argues that it is important to recognize how the social base and geography of housing have changed and to understand processes which lead to an increasing concentration in council housing of those with least choice in the housing market and fewest resources elsewhere. At the same time there is a danger in overstating the associations between crime and council housing and neglecting other associations with housing, and homelessness. In view of the associations between crime and council housing, considerable effort has been expended on developing management and other responses designed to reduce crime. The general view is that a broad approach is required in such initiatives and the limited research evidence does not suggest that housing management action alone is effective in reducing crime. The association which exists between council housing and crime requires a policy response which relates to why the most deprived sections of the community are increasingly concentrated in parts of the housing market and exposed to increased risks, and one which relates to the pattern of opportunities and choices in the housing system and not just to housing management.     

论朱熹的犯罪学说与和谐社会

中国古代犯罪学说历史悠久,内涵丰富。早在先秦时期诸子百家就已建构了包括犯罪根源剖析和犯罪预防措施两者紧密结合的犯罪学说体系。朱熹继承前贤思想理论,结合南宋的社会现实,深入分析了当时犯罪频发的根源主要是个人私欲和社会弊端,并且有针对性的提出了预防犯罪的具体措施。朱熹犯罪学说对今天和谐社会的构建有重要的历史借鉴意义。     

徇私枉法罪行为构造研析

正确界定徇私枉法罪的客观行为对于司法实务中正确理解和把握该罪尤为重要。首先,关于“对明知是无罪的人而使他受追诉”,是指在没有或缺少事实和证据的基础上对无罪的人进行立案侦查、采取刑事强制措施、提起公诉以及进行审判等,以达到追究其刑事责任的目的。其次,关于“对明知是有罪的人而故意包庇不使他受追诉”,是指对“有证据证明有犯罪事实需要追究刑事责任的人,包括犯罪嫌疑人和被告人”,通过对犯罪的证据和事实施加直接影响以达到不使其受追诉这种枉法的目的。再次,除作为外,不作为可以构成徇私枉法罪。     

Crime and the city: Domestic burglary and the built environment in Tehran

Environmental criminologists have correlated crime patterns with the environmental and physical layout of places where crimes occur. This paper reports on some of the findings derived from a major research carried out in Tehran, focusing on the link between built environment and residential burglary. After a brief review of crime prevention approaches in the built environment and their theoretical basis, the paper examines how burglars select their targets, and investigates the significance of geographical distance and target hardening for crime prevention. It shows the limitations of distance and target hardening as deterrents, their potential impact on deepening the city's socio-spatial divide, and their negative implications for the quality of the urban environment.     

浅论环境犯罪危险犯

环境犯罪危险犯从类型上来看，大致可以分为两类：一类是具体危险犯和抽象危险犯，一类是故意危险犯和过失危险犯。当前，西方发达国家多已对环境犯罪危险犯有了完备的刑事立法，现代的环境立法价值取向的转变以及环境犯罪的特点决定了确立环境犯罪危险犯具有必要性，因此，我国也应尽早对环境犯罪危险犯进行刑事立法。     

Trouble en Route: Drug Trafficking and Clientelism in Rio de Janeiro Shantytowns

This article examines the ways that endemic drug trafficking has affected local level politics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Drawing on ethnographic analysis of political exchanges in the 1998 national elections in three favelas (shantytowns), I argue that drug trafficking has changed the practice of clientelism. Evidence and analysis in this paper will show that the persistence of drug trafficking in the city has led to the emergence of a two-tiered clientelist system in which politicians make exchanges with traffickers who then, in turn, provide some benefits to favela residents in return for their votes. This results in an arrangement that provides votes to politicians and limited assistance to the poor but does little to build the legitimacy of the political system.

论现代战争与完善21世纪战争法规

现代战争对生态安全的破坏是十分严重的,特别是一些新式武器,如核武器、生物武器、化学武器等具有强大的杀伤力和巨大的破坏力。还有一些武器正在实验或试制中,如基因武器、巨浪武器等,对生态安全更具有破坏作用。本文论述新式武器对生态安全的巨大破坏,提出完善21世纪战争法规则,追究主要战犯的战争罪、种族灭绝罪、破坏生态安全罪。作者对修改战争法规则提出八点建议和构想。     

人口结构失衡与犯罪研究：回顾、借鉴与展望

通过对现有东西方人口结构与犯罪关系文献的梳理和总结,笔者提出了适合研究性别比偏高亚洲国家的假设框架,以及可婚配男（女）性比例与犯罪率的u型假说。对中国1982—2008年人口年龄一性别结构与犯罪率数据探索性分析显示：反映人口年龄一性别结构的青年男性比例与可婚配男性比例的波动与犯罪率的波动高度一致,未来婚姻市场可婚配男性比例的不断升高将成为影响犯罪的主要人口结构因素。     

拉什科尔尼科夫的问题心理解读——重读陀斯妥耶夫斯基的长篇小说《罪与罚》

陀斯妥耶夫斯基笔下的处于复杂矛盾和冲突中的＂问题人物＂存在的＂问题心理＂表现在拉什科尔尼科夫身上,突出为两个方面,即,＂惟我意识＂和＂犯罪心理＂。＂惟我意识＂源自俄罗斯文化的一个重要特点,就是其浓重的宗教因素。《罪与罚》从一开始就一直暗示我们主人公存在着＂杀人抢劫＂的犯罪意识,这是陀斯妥耶夫斯基对人性中恶的原始存在的肯定。作者把人心中最深层、最隐秘、最复杂的活动全都揭示出来,使作品及人物形象呈现出一种非凡的艺术魅力。     

青少年犯罪的特征和对策浅析

青少年由于其生理发育迅速,心理变化明显,出现种种不平衡与矛盾的心理,这样就常使有的青少年出现情绪变化无常,难以琢磨的情况,常常走向犯罪的道路。青少年犯罪有偶发性、纠合性、凶狠性、隐蔽性、反复性、腐蚀性、和可塑性的特点。对于青少年犯罪我们要以预防为主,主要通过加强思想教育,培养他们高尚的道德情感,加强对他们的法制教育,发挥家庭对他们的初级教育作用来遏止青少年犯罪。对青少年犯罪要进行综合治理,建立严密的社会保护网络。