The Winter of the Arab Spring in the Gulf Monarchies

The Arab spring was quickly chilled in the Gulf states where monarchies proved more resilient in the face of political challenges than post-revolutionary states in North Africa and the fertile crescent. Money explains some of this resilience but so does the willingness to use the aegis of the Gulf Cooperation Council to apply deadly force against unarmed protestors in Bahrain, where severe repression of the Shiite majority continues and casts its shadow over the hopes of dissenters, young and older, for political opening in these authoritarian states.

La primavera árabe se enfrió rápidamente en los estados del golfo en donde las monarquías demostraron mayor resistencia frente a los retos políticos que los estados posrevolucionarios en África del norte y el arco fértil. El dinero explica algo sobre esta resistencia, pero también la disposición de usar el auspicio del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo, para aplicar una fuerza mortal contra los manifestantes desarmados en Bahrein, en donde una represión severa de la mayoría chiíta continúa y proyecta una sombra sobre las esperanzas de los disidentes jóvenes y mayores, para la apertura política en estos estados autoritarios.

“阿拉伯之春”在海湾国家很快就冷却了,那里的君主政体证明比北非和新月沃地一带的后革命国家适应能力更强。在巴林,可以部分解释这种适应能力的除了财富,还有在海湾合作委员会庇护下对手无寸铁的抗议者使用致命武器的意志,在那里什叶派多数的严厉镇压在持续,并给广大反对者们对威权国家政治开放怀有的希望投下了阴影。     

The Teachers’ Page

The latter decades of the eighteenth century and first decades of the nineteenth century were full or revolutions and births of new nations, particularly in the Americas. The period has been termed the Age of Revolution. In 2010, Mexico celebrated along with several other countries the two hundred–year celebration of their movement toward independence from Spain. Mexico also celebrated the centennial of their 1910 revolution. Revolutions are catastrophic in their altering of existing social institutions such as government, religion, education, media, labor, and land ownership. Revolutions are also costly in terms of human capital: Many people die, typically the leaders of the insurrection. Others flee the path of destruction and harm, while others eke out an existence until normalcy returns, often years into the future. By definition, a revolution radically changes what is and initiates a process of social change that evolves as the formal and official violence between government forces and the revolutionaries subsides. Often, revolutions result in unforeseen and unexpected consequences for the people. The impact of the Spanish conquest and independence on subsequent generations of various peoples to 2010 is also examined. This article examines the various concepts of revolution, social change, and evolution in tracing the political history of two Mexican “birthdays”: 1810 and 1910. Additionally, this article offers social science teachers the opportunity to further explore other concepts such as conquest and colonialism, race and ethnic identity formation, nationalism, diasporas, genocide, demography, and political generations, for example.     

科学革命论的反思

科学革命论在阐述现代科学演进中作为主流思潮的同时,其意义在无限扩展中导致认识上的诸多困惑。本文批判了科学革命这一基础概念被滥用而陷入的困境,提出对科学革命论的质疑和淡化。以马克思主义发展哲学对科学革命论予以修正,用科学发展论构建现代科学演进的概念图景。     

Towards a social history of suffering: Dignity,misery and disrespect

ABSTRACT

This article examines the working-class audience in Soviet Ukraine and the changes in its reading appetites during the 1920s. Under the Soviet nationalities policy of korenizatsiia introduced in 1923, the print-runs of Ukrainian-language literary products increased significantly. Nonetheless, as this article argues, those numerous publications often did not reach Ukrainian readers and if they did, they could hardly satisfy the interest appetites of an ever-growing Ukrainian audience. As the book reviews collected in the second half of the 1920s showed, the worker readers were interested in a certain type of literature – entertaining, easy to comprehend, dealing with contemporary issues and characters – that was not yet available in Ukrainian. Nevertheless, once that literature began to emerge in the late 1920s, the interest in contemporary books in Ukrainian increased. By examining every aspect of reading in Ukrainian – production, dissemination and consumption of the printed word – this article highlights the decisive role of Soviet readership in determining future official Soviet Ukrainian literature. The case of Soviet Ukraine emphasizes regional specifics and introduces an important language component to the Bolshevik reading revolution of the 1920s to early 1930s, largely ignored in the scholarship.     

社会主义和谐社会理论的历史背景与重大意义新论

构建社会主义和谐社会,是对人类发展的特殊历史时代重大课题的科学应对,也是对我国发展的特殊历史时期重大课题的科学应对。社会主义和谐社会理论,是对"中国特色社会主义理论革命"的"新乐章"的成功谱写,是对党的基本路线和基本纲领的重大发展、对党的基本战略的重大推进,是对科学发展观的重要扩充,是对公平与效率关系难题的历史性破解,是对中国的"软实力"的集中概括与极大提升。     

电子家庭——家庭的新模式

电子家庭是随着电子化和数字化的发展而逐渐出现并兴起的一种新型的家庭模式,技术革命、价值观的变化等导致了电子家庭的出现和兴起,也引起了我们对家庭的明天的探讨。     

唐生智弘扬佛化再研究

唐生智大力宣扬佛化有利用佛教中的某些思想资源作为军队精神支柱的用意,为达此目的,他需要解释乃至论证其一贯宣扬的佛化与革命二者之间不是相悖的关系,而是相互促进互为一体的关系,以便消除众人的疑问。由于唐生智对佛法要义的诠释过于“异想天开”,有时他对佛法要义的认知与一般人甚至与佛教徒的既有认识存在较大错位,因而时人对唐生智的做法及解释不以为然,并对其言行展开了猛烈的抨击。唐生智之所以会有既维护佛教又破坏佛教这一看似吊诡的举动,是其对佛教过于自我化理解的必然结果,而并非舆论所断言的“抱着投机的态度利用佛教”。     

近代商人与辛亥革命

晚清的社会变革使传统商人发生变化,促使了近代商人阶层的发展、壮大。近代商人在辛亥革命前的公共领域已相当活跃,致力于新式教育事业、投身公共事务、倡导立宪、主张地方自治。在辛亥革命中,商人利用商人社团积极参与革命活动,维护各地社会治安;辛亥革命后,商人又竭尽所能为各地军政府积极筹措资金,维持政府开支。近代商人在辛亥革命前后积极参与,为革命贡献了自己的力量。     

马克思的自然人化论及对当代的启示

马克思的自然人化论揭示了人的本质,展示了人所特有的改造自然的能动作用,表明了人与自然的关系。人类过分地改造自然,引起了大自然的报复,生态危机由此产生。面对日益严重的生态危机,人们开始重新审视人与自然的关系,生态自然观应运而生。生态自然观为可持续发展提供了理论基础,可持续发展又反过来促进和完善了生态自然观。通过对马克思自然人化论的浅要分析来一步步地推出其对当代的意义。     

主客体关系视角下的马克思哲学革命

传统西方哲学以抽象主客体关系为发展主线。马克思在颠倒黑格尔思维和意志之关系的基础上提出了以实践为基础的感性主客体关系,从而实现了对西方传统哲学的革命性变革。通过这种变革,马克思建立了一种实践的、经济的、辩证的和历史的唯物主义。