进化论与梁启超的文学革命

晚清之前的中国文学史上,从未有过"革命"之说,但为何到了19世纪末20世纪初,梁启超却喊出了"三界"革命的口号?这是因为受了从西方传入的进化论的影响.进化论在晚清时传入中国,后逐渐成为近现代中国的主要意识形态,从而影响了当时学人的世界观,粱启超的文学革命论便是其进化论世界现的直接产物.     

库恩的"范式"与理论创新

库恩在《科学革命的结构》一书中,通过对逻辑经验主义和波普尔证伪主义的批判,提出了一种以"不可通约"的"范式"为核心概念的新的科学革命模式,描绘出了一幅基于范式及其变革的既区别于逻辑经验主义"逐步累积式",又不同于批判理性主义"不断革命式"的科学发展动态图景。这为我们深入研究理论创新的机理提供了一种可贵的思想资源。     

从诗界革命到革命诗潮——再论南社诗歌的文学史地位

辛亥革命前后诗坛形成革命诗潮,南社诗人的成就,是其重要标志。革命诗潮是诗界革命的新阶段,沿续了＂新意境＂、＂新语句＂与＂古风格＂三长具备的诗界革命纲领。在冲决旧诗境域、开拓新诗意境方面,表现出更不受传统诗教规范拘缚的精神,近代民主意识、民族精神、反清革命成为时代主题,在语言和格调上也有所变革发展。但国粹主义文化观阻碍了诗体变革的突破。从诗界革命到革命诗潮构成中国诗歌近代化转型的重要阶段,也形成了至今仍影响面很广的第三种诗歌类型＂旧体新诗＂。     

Working on the Revolution in Bahrain: From the Mass Strike to Everyday Forms of Medical Provision

The 2011 Arab Spring uprising with the highest levels of popular support took place in Bahrain. This level of mobilization was due in part to the organizational capacity of trade unions and professional associations, and yet their role in the ‘near-revolution’ has received very little scholarly attention. In contrast to Egypt and Tunisia, where the official trade union federations played an ambiguous or even hostile role as workers began to organize strikes during the protests against Ben Ali and Mubarak, the official General Federation of Bahrain Trade Unions not only supported the protests against the Al Khalifa regime, but called for two general strikes. As significant as the strikes were, the work of unpaid volunteers constituted another less recognized, but equally important form of labor activism. Understanding the mass mobilization in Bahrain, and elsewhere, requires an encompassing approach to labor: one that can conceptualize equally the ability of collectivities to stop working, but also the ability to collectively continue to work, even on an unpaid basis. I will illustrate the contradictory role of the labor movement with examples from the Bahrain Teachers’ Association and the Bahrain Nursing Society. The majority of members of both associations were women. Finally, the Bahraini regime punished both forms of labor activism – both the teachers who went on strike, and the nurses who declared they would not strike but continue to work and care for the injured protesters.     

现代管理思维方式的特点

管理思维方式的变革与科学技术的发展有很大的关系。科学技术通常从三方面影响着管理思维方式的改变。自本世纪中叶以来，现代科学技术革命开始席卷全球，从而极大地改变了这个时代的产业结构和劳动组织，也改变了这个时代管理思维方式的特点。本文试图用自组织理论来分析现代管理思维方式的特点，并指出它是单极性和多极性、封闭性和开放性、优化和非优化、精确和模糊的对立统一。     

库恩与科恩科学革命观的比较研究

库恩和科恩作为历史主义学派的代表人物，分别提出了各自的科学革命理论。这两种理论在研究目的、评价标准、适用范围及语境因素分析上有所不同，但他们研究的问题具有相似性，如“改宗”现象、教科书的历史地位、科学家心理因素的分析等。两者都表现出适用范围上的局限性，都带有主观主义和相对主义的倾向。     

池田大作自然观视域下的生态危机

池田大作的宇宙即生命、众生平等和依正不二的理念不仅包含着佛法教义的启示,亦涌现出他对自然及与人关系的独特思索。在这种理念下,池田大作探寻了生态危机的根源,揭示了生态危机的实质,并建设性地指出＂人的革命＂是化解生态危机的现实理路。     

Reviving the Undead Book

The aftermath of the 1959 Cuban Revolution produced not only a transformation of the political landscape, but also a painful and problematic bifurcation of Cuban identity and nationhood. It is against this backdrop that I review Bridges to Cuba/Puentes a Cuba, a literary anthology whose unifying axis is found in the ‘Cuban’ experience of its contributors. Rather than investing one experience of ‘Cubanness’ with authenticity at the expense of the rest, the richness of this collection lies in the complexities and hybridities of Cuban identity and nationhood which the contributors to this volume explore. Edited by Ruth Behar, their diverse voices and literary genres are testimony to the existence of ‘border subjects’ that inhabit various worlds, cultures and languages simultaneously, albeit unequally. While pointing to the inadequacy of essentialist notions of identity, the objective of this anthology is far from academic. As its title suggests, it hopes to bridge the ideological chasm (and heal the wounds) by forging a more inclusive, complex and heterogeneous vision of what it means to be and to belong to the Cuban nation.     

回归传统精神与恪守人格理想的生命悲歌——“文革”期间作家自杀现象的文化思考

作家以自杀的方式结束生命 ,构成了“文革”期间引人注目的特殊现象。历史地看 ,自杀一是因“活不下去”而以非常方式获得生存痛苦的解脱 ,一是以“不活下去”为最后手段来维护自身神圣的精神价值观念。“文革”期间作家的自杀 ,一方面是由于特定的社会条件将他们置于“活不下去”的境遇 ,另一方面也是他们为恪守人格理想而对传统精神的自觉回归。他们的自杀无疑是对丧失理性的社会的一种强烈抗议 ,但较之屈原的沉江自殉 ,却又少了几分壮烈而多了几分悲哀。然而 ,在特定的历史境遇中 ,这种选择却构成了中国作家良知未泯的确证。     

《中国社会之变化》析论

《中国社会之变化》从革命的视角观察近代中国的变化,认为帝国主义的侵略逼出了中国的产业革命,而产业革命则引起了中国社会的根本之变。《中国社会之变化》的基本学术特色为求真与致用的结合和实事求是等,但也存在偏重阶级斗争的问题。