Women’s Movements in Portugal and Spain: Democratic Processes and Policy Outcomes

Portugal and Spain underwent dramatic transformations between 1974 and the early 1980s, transitioning from dictatorships to democracies. In this article I explore why Portugal was faster than Spain in adopting key gender-rights policies (e.g., divorce, equal pay, state feminism) during the period in question. Bridging insights from the democratization, social movement, and women’s studies literatures, I argue that Portugal’s accelerated policy path on women’s rights can be explained by three complex factors: (1) the nature of the revolutionary transition, which structured options for women’s movements and for institutional actors; (2) the configuration of movement-party alliances; and (3) supranational pressures to reorganize the state-civil society relationship. The study contributes to the engendering of democratization processes in Iberia by paying close attention to the interconnected agency of women’s movements with other political actors at a time of regime transformation.     

The Orthodox Church in revolutionary Cheliabinsk: reform,counter-reform,and popular revolution in 1917

In 1917 the Cheliabinsk Vicariate, like the Church in most areas in the Russian empire, declined to support the autocracy, welcomed the February Revolution, endorsed the Provisional Government, and envisioned a broad set of reforms that even included a greater role for the laity in Church governance. The key agent for reform in Cheliabinsk – as in other dioceses – was the Assembly of Clergy and Laity, the focus of this study. Although the Assembly did adopt a radical and ostensibly popular social and administrative program, the vicariate encountered growing lay disenchantment – because of its support for an unpopular war, because of a caveat deferring social reform, but also because of the Church’s reluctance to give parishioners full power over the parish. The intensifying crises of 1917 heightened expectations for reform, and the disintegration of authority in Cheliabinsk and within the Church itself widened the chasm between the Church and parishioners. In response, diocesan authorities supported conservative measures, which deferred reform, in an attempt to re-establish order, while parishioners – frustrated by the pace of reform and the Church’s wavering support of it – led a revolution against diocesan authority aimed at making the Church subservient to their own agendas.     

In search of African history: the re-appropriation of photographic archives by contemporary visual artists

The digital revolution has fundamentally changed our relationship to archives, by accelerating their “dusting off” and their re-appropriation, particularly in the art world. This article will show the ways in which some contemporary visual artists use new digital technologies to provide new ways of storing, reading and retrieving contemporary African history. Such artists do so by revisiting diverse forms of archives that are mainly photographic, and which were produced during the colonial and independence eras.     

试析民主革命时期毛泽东统战思想的若干特点

毛泽东的统一战线思想发生、发展、成熟于中国革命的过程中。毛泽东在长期领导中国革命的历史过程中对统一战线作了一系列具有独创性的论述,并且呈现了若干特点。这些特点主要是：战略上的预见性,策略上的灵活性,精髓上的继承性以及表述上的细致性。     

任务导向教学法在高职“商务英语口笔译”课程中的应用

本文探讨任务导向教学法在高职院校"商务英语翻译"教学中的实施和运用。     

世界科技创新趋势与启示

现阶段"现代化进程强大的客观需求"和"知识技术体系的内在矛盾"正孕育着新一轮科技革命,世界正处在第六次科技革命的前夜。200多年的工业化进程催生出一系列问题。经济发展的客观需求迫切需要开发新的资源能源,创新发展模式和发展途径,创建新的生产方式和生活方式。"基础科学领域""能源和资源域""信息网络领域""先进材料和制造领域""农业领域""人口健康领域"这六个方面孕育着重大的创新突破。科学问题的重大突破和技术的变革将深刻影响人类的生产和生活方式,影响社会发展的进程,影响国家的国际竞争地位。把握新一轮科技革命的战略机遇,将大幅提升我国自主创新与规模产业化的能力。     

手机文化传播机制形成路径及其形式

手机被称为“带着体温的媒体”。从朋友、同事、家人之间的人际传播,到单位、地区、国家的群体传播及全球传播,以手机为主的移动互联网正式进入了主流媒体序列,重构了各种文化、社会、政治体系内外媒介传播的权力关系。手机媒体技术与传播形态主要体现在媒介形态创新和使用形式创新两个方面,手机文化传播方式的不断创新与普及,很大程度上改变了人类的思维方式、社交方式和消费方式,带来了文化传播的丰富和繁荣。充分的用户基础、快速的技术创新、网络的安全治理、全媒体的深度融合将使手机发展成为最具竞争力、最有传播效果的主流文化媒体。     

三唐五体:唐代文学本体观念的演变与诗风的变迁

文学本体观念的更新导致文学思潮的演变,进而影响创作原则、创作方法乃至题材、体制、风格以及批评理论的演变,从而完成文学理论范畴的系统转换,并最终影响文学创作时代风尚的变迁。唐代文学本体观念由“原道”、“言志”向“缘情”的转变,直接影响了唐代诗风的变迁。     

"科技-生产"范式的内涵及其历史演进

"科学、技术、生产"所组成的紧密联系的整体构成了"科技-生产"系统,这一系统的内在结构关系表现为某种模式、模型,它是科学、技术、生产三者相互作用关系的集中体现.我们将这一模式、模型称为"科技-生产"范式.思维模式规定性、技术规定性、制度规定性、结构功能规定性是"科技-生产"范式的四种基本属性.人类历史迄今,"科技-生产"范式经历了一系列转换,包括"实体-能量-信息"三重思维模式转换、从"革命-延续"到"创新-集成"的技术转换、"强制有序-协同自序"制度体系的转化以及"工业社会-知识社会"的结构功能转换等.积极促进我国"科技-生产"范式的转换,建立新型的"科技-生产"范式对于新型工业化社会的构建具有重要意义.     

科技进步与北京社会阶层结构变动

自工业社会以来,科技进步引发深刻的社会阶层结构变动,改变着原有的社会分层体系。伴随着北京高新技术产业的发展,北京社会结构发生着深刻的变迁。研究表明,这一变迁突出表现在两方面:一方面,高新技术产业的发展,提高了劳动生产率,减少了劳动力投入,直接导致体力劳动者阶层在社会阶层结构中所占的比例规模不断减小,而脑力劳动者阶层规模不断壮大;另一方面,高新技术产业发展深刻影响着社会阶层结构中的资源配置,改变着原有的社会分层体系。