Ethnic Identities under the Tourist Gaze

This paper examines the construction of Bai ethnicity and Bai identity on the tourist market in Dali, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Focusing on how the social landscape of Dali has changed in response to the development of tourism, this paper explores how Bai ethnicity is advocated as a product loaded with potential economic values. The author discovers that ‘commerce of authenticity’ (T. Oakes, Tourism and modernity in China. London, Routledge, 1998 Oakes, T. 1998. Tourism and modernity in China, London: Routledge.  [Google Scholar]), and different forms of ethnicity and artefacts promoted in the tourist market have not drowned out the sense of being ethnically Bai. Instead, the tourist industry has become a daily reminder of ethnicity to both insiders and outsiders by making people more self-conscious and reflexive about the ‘cultural stuff’ that they may have previously taken for granted, or may have left unattended. This paper demonstrates how locals actively appropriate state-defined categories and reshape them into the repertoire they desire.     

从伊斯兰文明看文化自觉

伊斯兰教在伊斯兰文明中占有支配性的地位,伊斯兰文明具有政教合一、复古倾向、文化统一性以及因强大的适应能力导致的多样性和区域化倾向等文化特点。对于中国穆斯林中的回族而言,文化自觉包括对中华文明和儒家文化的研究,对伊斯兰文明的研究,以及对西方文明的研究。对于伊斯兰文明的研究,特别需要关注伊斯兰文明的网络结构以及伊斯兰文明对于当代社会的适应性。文化自觉的意识源自危机和危机感。近代以来中华文明和伊斯兰文明所面临的生存危机,必须从文明内部寻找原因,并从内部和外部全方位寻找解决的办法。在这一过程中,中华文明的文化自觉可以从中国伊斯兰文化和域外伊斯兰文化中受益。     

试论民族文化认同的特殊功效--从斯大林民族定义的争论说开去

文化具有超时空的稳定性和很强的凝聚力,一个民族的文化模式一经形成,必然会持久地支配每个社会成员的思想和行为。文化又是一个民族区别于其他民族的基本特质和身份象征,在共同的文化背景中,人们获得了归属感和认同感。因此,在共同文化基础上形成的共同心理素质——民族文化认同,对于标识民族特性,塑造认同心理,规范社会行为,培育统一意识,凝聚民族精神,形成民族合力,进而对维护国家安全统一具有特殊的功效。     

贾宝玉形象的文化张力

贾宝玉形象的独特性在于,其形象内涵既不属于西方文化,又非中国传统文化所能涵盖。他源于中国传统文化而又不是中国的儒、道所能解释:无论在思想意识、价值追求还是在思维方式等方面均与当时的世俗文化构成极强的张力冲击。这种冲击主要体现在贾宝玉与其它人物在仕途文化、情色文化上的碰撞,以及贾宝玉自身多元素文化的冲突。曹雪芹就是通过这种文化碰撞所塑造的贾宝玉形象,完成了他对中国传统文化的穿越,从而造就了一个独具魅力的艺术张力世界。     

在礼教与世俗间徘徊的市民代言人——由明代士人隐居方式的变化来看近代审美文化发展的趋势

晚明士人隐居于市井时与市民大量接触,使士人能够体察市民的内心情感,不自觉地成为其代言人,从而开始亲近市民文化,自觉不自觉地受市民风情影响,创作出符合市民口味的文学作品。但因他们长期受封建儒家正统文化的影响,所以其行为与其作品中的形象通常又是矛盾的。     

论早期巴文化

本文首先提出了对巴文化起源地的观点,认为巴文化的起源就是居住在巫山、巫溪境内的原大溪文化的居民.其次阐述巴文化的形成阶段,并论证它就是由峡江内的新石器时代文化发展而来.再次提出了巴文化的扩张阶段,是由峡内分别向东、向西扩张,并且提出了早期巴文化向东发展的路家河类型和向西发展的中坝子类型.最后解释了巴文化为什么会向不同方向扩张的原因.     

Competitive compensation and subjective well-being: The effect of culture and gender

This paper uses a controlled experiment to investigate how subjects exposed to competition in the workplace react in terms of well-being, and how this translates into productivity. The experiment was performed in Korea, a country with an interdependent culture, and France, a country with an independent culture. Exposure to the tournament slightly improves well-being in the Korean sample and decreases it in France. This different response is driven primarily by the opposite response of female subjects, with Korean women liking and French women disliking to compete. Finally, an improvement in well-being is associated with ex-post higher productivity in France, and this positive effect is most salient in the French male population; in Korea, a similar positive effect can be observed only in the female population.     

Hypothesis Testing of CNA Perceptions of Organizational Culture in Long Term Care

This commentary for the special issue on research that went wrong describes a study that explored factors that contribute to variability within Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) on organizational safety culture. We know from previous research that CNAs provide most direct care in nursing homes and that direct care workers often experience agency culture differently from agency management (Wolf et al., 2014). We were looking for factors that nursing homes could alter to improve the culture for CNAs, and thus, residents. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected via a multi-component paper survey of CNAs employed in long term care. We used results from the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture and primary shift, type of unit, and years as a CNA to identify modifiable characteristics that would explain variability in the perceptions of patient safety culture. The final sample included n = 106 from three nursing homes. Dimension scores were compared using bivariate tests appropriate to the scale and ordinal logistic regression. Despite support in the literature for the hypothesis, we found few significant differences on the total scale within groups. Differences in perceptions have implications for quality of care and the experiences of residents within nursing homes.     

印度战略文化及其变迁机制

自20世纪90年代战略文化成为备受关注的议题以来,从战略文化视角解释印度外交战略的研究不胜枚举.学术界对印度战略文化的研究普遍受到文化“稳定性”、“持久性”等基本特征的限制,主要从静止的视角围绕其起源、属性与形态等方面展开论述.本文试图从动态视角理解印度战略文化,构建战略文化生成与变迁理论框架.通过对战略文化的类型划分发现,印度在冷战时期形成了防御为主、进攻为辅的协调型战略文化,冷战后形成了强进攻性偏好的冲突型战略文化.作为印度战略文化变迁的首要条件,环境认知推动了印度国内政治程序的修正,从而影响了战略文化变迁.具体而言,国际体系环境的变化重塑了印度决策精英对国家安全的判断,并内化成新的观念体系.全新观念体系驱使决策精英行为偏好改变,且通过国内政治程序的修正上升为特定取向的国家战略偏好,最终生成全新的战略文化.     

论《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程教学改革思路

《思想道德修养与法律基础》课是高校思想政治理论课程之一,对于大学生身心健康成长具有独特作用。在课程改革中,必须坚持“以生为本”、“为人服务”的课程定位,为学生成长成才服务,凸显课程的真实性和针对性,构建与课堂教学相配套的课外实践体系,加强师生间的沟通交流,提高课程的教学效果。