汉语史研究基本理论范畴问题

汉语史研究的事实发掘成果卓著,令人目不暇接,但理论滞后于实际的状况却愈显突出,主要症结在于汉语史研究的基本理论范畴还没有确立起来,所以导致我们连汉语史研究的基本理论框架的认识都十分模糊。范畴的概括化与系统化是一门学科成熟程度的标志。确立科学的汉语史研究理论范畴当遵循下面的一些原则:以汉语史研究科学体系为构建框架,突出汉语史科学范畴体系的特点,按相对稳定的定型化思维样式来表述。无论是从汉语史研究范畴属性、汉语史研究范畴认识类型,还是从汉语史研究范畴视野来看,汉语史研究的基本理论范畴包括基本概念、分期理论、史料科学、理论模型、方法论、学术视野、学术评价、学术演化、学术关系、学术价值等。     

论早期巴文化

本文首先提出了对巴文化起源地的观点,认为巴文化的起源就是居住在巫山、巫溪境内的原大溪文化的居民.其次阐述巴文化的形成阶段,并论证它就是由峡江内的新石器时代文化发展而来.再次提出了巴文化的扩张阶段,是由峡内分别向东、向西扩张,并且提出了早期巴文化向东发展的路家河类型和向西发展的中坝子类型.最后解释了巴文化为什么会向不同方向扩张的原因.     

Competitive compensation and subjective well-being: The effect of culture and gender

This paper uses a controlled experiment to investigate how subjects exposed to competition in the workplace react in terms of well-being, and how this translates into productivity. The experiment was performed in Korea, a country with an interdependent culture, and France, a country with an independent culture. Exposure to the tournament slightly improves well-being in the Korean sample and decreases it in France. This different response is driven primarily by the opposite response of female subjects, with Korean women liking and French women disliking to compete. Finally, an improvement in well-being is associated with ex-post higher productivity in France, and this positive effect is most salient in the French male population; in Korea, a similar positive effect can be observed only in the female population.     

思想史视野中的质性研究:以方法意涵的构建为例

本文尝试从思想史视角反思质性研究方法,以揭示被结构视角遮蔽的研究过程,从而探讨一种直面内心的反思性社会科学研究方式。思想史视角强调回到文本去阐释书写者赋予研究方法以意涵的思想过程。本文以“推论”“充分必要性”与“意义”等三种方法论立场中的方法意涵构建过程为例展现这样的思想过程：方法论如何引导了对特定研究方法的选择;当方法论与现实情况存在差距时,书写者如何在原有方法论立场中发展对质性方法新的理解以捍卫方法论的合理性;书写者如何在强调与其他立场的区分中发展对方法的理解。本文由此揭示了看似相同的方法背后所蕴含的巨大意涵和实践差异。一种围绕“意涵”展开的方法知识系统将有可能被建立起来。思想史视角为反思性的质性方法知识构建提供了可以付诸实践的路径。     

Hypothesis Testing of CNA Perceptions of Organizational Culture in Long Term Care

This commentary for the special issue on research that went wrong describes a study that explored factors that contribute to variability within Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) on organizational safety culture. We know from previous research that CNAs provide most direct care in nursing homes and that direct care workers often experience agency culture differently from agency management (Wolf et al., 2014). We were looking for factors that nursing homes could alter to improve the culture for CNAs, and thus, residents. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected via a multi-component paper survey of CNAs employed in long term care. We used results from the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture and primary shift, type of unit, and years as a CNA to identify modifiable characteristics that would explain variability in the perceptions of patient safety culture. The final sample included n = 106 from three nursing homes. Dimension scores were compared using bivariate tests appropriate to the scale and ordinal logistic regression. Despite support in the literature for the hypothesis, we found few significant differences on the total scale within groups. Differences in perceptions have implications for quality of care and the experiences of residents within nursing homes.     

‘I FELT DEAD’: applying a racial microaggressions framework to Black students’ experiences of Black History Month and Black History*

This paper uses a Critical Race Theory perspective to explain the everyday racisms – racial microaggressions – directed towards students of African and Caribbean descent during a non-statutory Black History unit, at an English secondary school. Applying a racial microaggressions framework to ethnographic data, this paper finds that experiences of studying Black History by students of African and Caribbean descent are dominated by various types of racial microaggressions including: micro-invalidation, micro-insults and micro-assaults. These experiences are symptomatic of wider racist structures and processes within the National Curriculum for History, based upon the ideology of white supremacy. This paper concludes that the racial microaggressions framework allows for useful ways of thinking about the function and purpose of Black History Month and Black History in schools, and its opportunities for exposing wider institutional and ideological underpinnings that legitimate deficit understandings about black people in school classrooms.     

冀南红色革命旧址建筑现状调研

红色革命旧址建筑完整的将那段红色峥嵘岁月呈现于世人眼前,同时也是我们回顾红色革命精神与历史的重要载体。本文以冀南地区红色革命旧址建筑为研究对象,通过实地考察与资料收集两种手段,对其历史背景与现状有了初步认识。将冀南地区红色革命旧址建筑根据当时行政功能划分为四类：党政机构、军事机构、后勤保障机构、宣传教育机构。并对其现有建筑特点进行了初步讨论,为下步探讨其保护与活化打下良好基础。     

试析"大跃进"时期农村公共食堂的兴起——以徐水县为例

农村公共食堂是1958年兴起的人民公社化运动的重要内容,是一种曾经轰轰烈烈地改变中国农民传统生活方式的"新生事物".它从1958年夏季的迅速兴起到1961年夏季的倏然解散,走过了四载的起伏曲折的历程.本文将在以往研究成果的基础上对人民公社化运动的典型区域--徐水县的农村公共食堂的兴起过程进行描述和解读,希冀对其进一步系统地研究有所裨益.     

凉山彝族初中生历史学习的障碍探析

彝族地区的初中生在历史学习上存在障碍,具体表现为知识认知障碍、文化情感障碍、学习反应障碍、学习环境障碍。这 些障碍的产生主要是由于该地区的语言文字自成体系、历史发展脉络独特、教师资源有所欠缺、学习环境不够良好。进一步而 言,就是该地区的民族区域性和经济发展滞后性导致了初中生历史学习的障碍。而通过加大汉语教学力度、引进民族文化资 源、健全教师教育体系、转变经济发展方式等措施,可以帮助学生逐步改善并最终克服学习障碍,提高学习效率,促进当地历史 教学的发展。     

新自由主义思潮及其对我国的影响

新自由主义作为一种经济思潮,最早兴起于20世纪30年代,它以反对国家干预“凯恩斯主义”理论的面目出现,兴盛于资本主义的“滞涨”时期。随着70年代末80年代初英国撒切尔夫人、美国里根总统的相继上台,这一思潮逐渐成为西方资本主义国家主流的经济意识形态,苏联解体后,美国等资本主义国家加速向发展中国家推行这一思潮,引导这些国家进行自由主义改革,导致这些国家相继出现社会动荡和经济危机。改革开放以后,我国在引进西方先进科学技术的同时,这一思潮也趁虚而入,在国内造成了很大的负面影响。通过考察新自由主义思潮的发展及其对我国的影响,力图让人们看清新自由主义的资产阶级意识形态的本质,并自觉加以抵制。