用科学发展观指导高校后勤工作的创新发展

高校后勤工作必须坚持以科学发展观为指导,这是由高校后勤工作的现状和科学发展观的重要指导意义所决定的。高校后勤工作在发展中存在不少问题,导致了后勤发展的不协调,对于后勤工作的可持续发展必然造成极大的冲击。解决这些矛盾和问题,就必须深刻把握科学发展观的深邃内涵,坚持以人为本、统筹兼顾学校各方面工作发展的关系,走全面协调可持续的发展道路。     

论胡锦涛对马克思主义统一战线理论的发展

十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的新一代领导集体面对国际国内新形势,在统一战线的性质、地位、主题、任务以及新的社会阶层、党外代表人士、构建和谐社会等各个方面提出一系列新思想、新观点,形成了一个完整统一的科学体系,把马克思主义统一战线理论发展到新阶段。     

论中国近代高等理科课程的形成与发展

从洋务运动时期、维新运动时期、辛亥革命时期、抗日战争和解放战争时期四个方面论述了中国近代高等理科课程的形成与发展,从而看出近代中国已经初步形成了以传授自然科学知识为主、具有现代特征的高等理科教育体系。     

民族精神决定汉语的价值取向--洪堡特语言学评介

本文根据洪堡特的《论人类语言结构的差异性及其对人类精神发展的影响》,从语言的界定与民族精神、语言的认识与世界观、语言的系统性与思维方式、语言的分类与创新等方面对汉语的形成和发展进行了剖析,并由此阐明了汉语在今后发展以及创新的见解。     

Variability in Cross‐Domain Risk Perception among Smallholder Farmers in Mali by Gender and Other Demographic and Attitudinal Characteristics

Previous research has shown that men and women, on average, have different risk attitudes and may therefore see different value propositions in response to new opportunities. We use data from smallholder farm households in Mali to test whether risk perceptions differ by gender and across domains. We model this potential association across six risks (work injury, extreme weather, community relationships, debt, lack of buyers, and conflict) while controlling for demographic and attitudinal characteristics. Factor analysis highlights extreme weather and conflict as eliciting the most distinct patterns of participant response. Regression analysis for Mali as a whole reveals an association between gender and risk perception, with women expressing more concern except in the extreme weather domain; however, the association with gender is largely absent when models control for geographic region. We also find lower risk perception associated with an individualistic and/or fatalistic worldview, a risk‐tolerant outlook, and optimism about the future, while education, better health, a social orientation, self‐efficacy, and access to information are generally associated with more frequent worry—with some inconsistency. Income, wealth, and time poverty exhibit complex associations with perception of risk. Understanding whether and how men's and women's risk preferences differ, and identifying other dominant predictors such as geographic region and worldview, could help development organizations to shape risk mitigation interventions to increase the likelihood of adoption, and to avoid inadvertently making certain subpopulations worse off by increasing the potential for negative outcomes.     

Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments

In assessing environmental health risks, the risk characterization step synthesizes information gathered in evaluating exposures to stressors together with dose–response relationships, characteristics of the exposed population, and external environmental conditions. This article summarizes key steps of a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) followed by a discussion of considerations for characterizing cumulative risks. Cumulative risk characterizations differ considerably from single chemical‐ or single source‐based risk characterization. CRAs typically focus on a specific population instead of a pollutant or pollutant source and should include an evaluation of all relevant sources contributing to the exposures in the population and other factors that influence dose–response relationships. Second, CRAs may include influential environmental and population‐specific conditions, involving multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors. Third, a CRA could examine multiple health effects, reflecting joint toxicity and the potential for toxicological interactions. Fourth, the complexities often necessitate simplifying methods, including judgment‐based and semi‐quantitative indices that collapse disparate data into numerical scores. Fifth, because of the higher dimensionality and potentially large number of interactions, information needed to quantify risk is typically incomplete, necessitating an uncertainty analysis. Three approaches that could be used for characterizing risks in a CRA are presented: the multiroute hazard index, stressor grouping by exposure and toxicity, and indices for screening multiple factors and conditions. Other key roles of the risk characterization in CRAs are also described, mainly the translational aspect of including a characterization summary for lay readers (in addition to the technical analysis), and placing the results in the context of the likely risk‐based decisions.     

"创造阶级"的创新空间

在经济全球化和知识化的今天,人力资源成为第一资源,城市可持续发展及竞争力的根本在于依靠人力资本特别是创造型人才进行创新."创造阶级"理论也随之产生.开发人力资源、积累人力资本、吸引"创造阶级",从而增强城市竞争力,推动城市持续发展.为此,在城市规划与建设中提高城市便利性、人居环境质量,建设适宜的制度环境,给人们提供制度上的创新空间,推动城市持续发展.     

论上海犹太遗址及特色建筑的保护和开发

上海犹太遗址和特色建筑反映了犹太人在近现代上海各个领域的活动情况,是上海城市遗产的一个重要组成部分。本文分析了上海犹太遗址和特色建筑所具有的建筑审美价值、人文历史内涵以及促进对外交往的独特功能,在此基础上就保护和开发这些遗址和建筑提出了几点设想和建议。     

农业社会学:经典命题及其延续

作为一门新兴学科,农业社会学近年来在中国呈现出良好的发展势头。一门学科的发展,需要通过不断的知识积累和经验研究进行一砖一瓦的建设,其中理论建设尤其重要。同其他社会科学一样,经典文本在农业社会学的理论建设中具有核心位置。 本专题选取了三个(对)农业社会学中的经典命题:农业的生产时间与劳动时间、农业技术变迁中的占取主义与替代主义,以及技术采用中的“农业跑步机理论冶。按照时代背景、原典阐释、学术延续以及启发意义的思路撰写,尝试为农业社会学的入门者提供一种理论梳理的路径。     

论新媒体冲击下纸媒的生存与发展——以报纸为例

互联网的发展、智能手机的普及使传统的传媒环境和格局发生了翻天覆地的变化。新媒体的崛起与壮大给以纸媒为代表的传统媒体带来了前所未有的冲击，但不可否认的是，纸媒自身依然有不可替代的优势。本文主要以报纸为例，从纸媒传播内容的深度和可信度、纸媒对于受众文化素质的要求以及纸媒的表现形式、和受众的互动等方面的特点入手，分析在新媒体的冲击下纸媒所面临的生存现状，并且在此基础上指出将来纸媒应该如何利用新媒体的技术来促进自身的发展，更好地实现新媒体与传统媒体的融合。