从云计算产生与发展看东北装备制造业服务化转型

服务化是全球一体化经济的特色和着眼点。云计算是IT产业自身服务化转型的成果,不仅为装备制造业提供了先进技术支撑,其形成思想和历史变革过程对装备制造业服务化转型也极具借鉴意义。深入剖析云计算的形成和发展过程,探讨装备制造业服务化转型的模式、方式和方法,结合东北老工业基地装备制造业发展归纳总结我国制造业服务化面临的挑战,提出服务化转型的路径,并从政府引导、企业自身生存和产业群协调3个层面给出具体对策。     

基于云服务的装备制造业服务化转型研究

我国装备制造业发展迅速,规模位居世界第一,但却大而不强。受自身技术创新能力和管理、制造水平的影响,装备制造业产品缺乏市场竞争力,全球金融危机带来的市场需求下降也导致行业增长速度放缓。在云服务环境下,应运用云计算这一新型服务模式实现装备制造企业内部组织和外部营销的服务化转型,进而促进和推动装备制造业转型升级。     

基于粒计算的程序题评分模型研究

程序题自动评分是程序设计类课程实现无纸化考试和在线练习的核心问题之一,传统评分方法没有从程序的结构、语法、相似度等方面进行全面考虑。受粒计算相关理论及模型启发,结合人工评分的多粒度思维模式．对程序源码进行静态分析,提出一种基于粒计算思想的程序题自动评分模型。以C程序为例,将程序文本和标准答案程序在各个粒度层面上进行匹配,计算出各粒度权值,将匹配结果进行综合评价得出最终评分。实验表明,该评分方法全面考察了程序在结构、语法、文本相似度等多方面的匹配程度,有较高的准确性,并可方使地应用到其他类型程序的评分模型之中。     

美国已分离DNA分子可专利性之辩及启示

美国Myriad案是引发已分离DNA分子是否具有可专利性论争的重要案件。2011年,美国联邦巡回法院推翻纽约南区法院作出的一审判决,认定已分离DNA分子具有可专利性,这一裁判的根本性逆转更是激起利益各方的广泛关注和持久争辩。争辩中,对立双方往往忽略一个事实,即基因、天然DNA和已分离DNA三者内涵和外延不尽相同,应予以区分。因而,认为所有基因及DNA分子都不具有可专利性是不可取的,但不加区分地一律赋予授权资格同样毫无依据。判断已分离DNA分子的可专利性资格,重点应考量与天然DAN分子的组分差异,并采用多重标准综合判断。同时,应严格将科学发现排除在可专利性资格范围之外。     

云计算经济研究综述

虽然云计算已经成为ICT业界乃至信息技术应用各领域的热门话题,以云计算天然的平台、跨境等为主要特征的商业服务模式也必将对经济社会及互联网发展等产生深远影响,但学术界对云计算展开的经济研究仍然不多,对云计算服务及应用所谓平台现象的经济研究更是屈指可数。本综述着眼于云计算经济研究特别是产业组织研究,重点在于力图把握云计算经济发展脉络,探讨在云计算平台经济研究中引入双边市场理论、新贸易理论等并进而开辟新交叉研究的可能。正是基于这一目的,本文就云计算服务商业策略、对经济增长的影响、定价、平台竞争及国际贸易等,对近期研究文献进行了综述。     

Bayesian P-splines and advanced computing in R for a changepoint analysis on spatio-temporal point processes

ABSTRACT

This work presents advanced computational aspects of a new method for changepoint detection on spatio-temporal point process data. We summarize the methodology, based on building a Bayesian hierarchical model for the data and declaring prior conjectures on the number and positions of the changepoints, and show how to take decisions regarding the acceptance of potential changepoints. The focus of this work is about choosing an approach that detects the correct changepoint and delivers smooth reliable estimates in a feasible computational time; we propose Bayesian P-splines as a suitable tool for managing spatial variation, both under a computational and a model fitting performance perspective. The main computational challenges are outlined and a solution involving parallel computing in R is proposed and tested on a simulation study. An application is also presented on a data set of seismic events in Italy over the last 20 years.     

A Review of Eight Statistics Software Packages for General Use

Eight statistical software packages for general use by non-statisticians are reviewed. The packages are GraphPad Prism, InStat, ISP, NCSS, SigmaStat, Statistix, Statmost, and Winks. Summary tables of statistical capabilities and “usability” features are followed by discussions of each package. Discussions include system requirements, data import capabilities, statistical capabilities, and user interface. Recommendations, based on user needs and sophistication, are presented following the reviews.     

Maximum-likelihood estimation of the random-clumped multinomial model as a prototype problem for large-scale statistical computing

Numerical methods are needed to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) in many problems. Computation time can be an issue for some likelihoods even with modern computing power. We consider one such problem where the assumed model is a random-clumped multinomial distribution. We compute MLEs for this model in parallel using the Toolkit for Advanced Optimization software library. The computations are performed on a distributed-memory cluster with low latency interconnect. We demonstrate that for larger problems, scaling the number of processes improves wall clock time significantly. An illustrative example shows how parallel MLE computation can be useful in a large data analysis. Our experience with a direct numerical approach indicates that more substantial gains may be obtained by making use of the specific structure of the random-clumped model.     

成都市城市交通信息资源整合的困境与对策——基于物联网管理模式

随着城市集聚效应急速扩大,成都市交通服务供给压力激增,目前采取的一些举措仍不能有效缓解城市交通的恶化趋势。从交通信息资源整合角度看,成都市面临着技术、管理和制度三重困境,而物联网管理模式为我们提供了一种新思路、新视角,将其运用于城市交通信息管理,应着眼于以下几方面：贯彻顶层设计理念,确立交通信息资源的标准,强化跨部门协同,实行首席信息官制度,建设＂一站式服务＂政府门户网站,适当引入市场机制等。