民俗控制与祥林嫂之死——对《祝福》的另一种解读方式

关于《祝福》中祥林嫂之死因,是个老而又老的话题。作为鲁迅最著名的乡土题材小说,《祝福》蕴涵着丰富的民俗文化,本文从民俗传统对俗民个体的控制与教化角度,认为隐喻型民俗控制和奖惩型民俗控制是造成祥林嫂之死的最主要的主客观原因。鲁迅以此深刻揭示了封建文化思想吃人的本质。     

一幅丰盈纯美的图画——论新时期以来回族文学中的意象营构

“水”、“月”、“死亡”是新时期以来回族文学作品中常见的象征意象。它们不仅渗透着华夏民族共有的审美情感,而且从本质上寄寓着回族人民独特的民族审美体验。     

"尽性至命之学"——阳明子生死智慧探微

本文主要探讨王阳明的生死智慧,并进而指出其现代意义。认为,阳明子以"尽性至命之学"来超越"生死之念",包括"惧死恋生之念"和"求死解脱之念",从而大悟"良知"之旨,实现了"昼夜生死"之体知;阳明子还以"死得其所"为生死践履,既要求人们为道义、事业而勇于献身,又要求人们应该保身全生(性),不要为取外物而伤身害命。阳明子的生死智慧既具有深远的历史意义,也具有现实的应用价值。     

Human capital,family structure and religiosity shaping British Muslim women’s labour market participation

Economic activity among Muslim women in the UK remains considerably lower and their unemployment rate significantly higher than among the majority group even after controlling for qualifications and other individual characteristics. This study utilises two data sets to explore possible factors underlying these differences, such as overseas qualifications, language skills and religiosity. It reveals that while religiosity is negatively associated with labour market participation among British Christian-White women, economic activity among Muslim women are not negatively affected by high religiosity. Furthermore, family structure and the presence of dependent children were among the most important factors explaining the latter’s labour market participation, although these relationships were moderated by qualifications. More women with higher qualifications were economically active even if married and with children, although some of them experienced greater unemployment, probably due to discrimination in recruiting practices and choices and preferences on religious grounds.     

Family involvement in the institutional eldercare context. Towards a new understanding

This article focuses on family involvement and its various patterns and expressions in the context of end-of-life care in a nursing home. Based on analyses from an ethnographic study carried out at a nursing home ward, the aim is to describe and analyze the conditions of aging and dying for the old residents, as well as effects on their visiting families and relatives. As in similar research findings, it became clear from the study that families continue to visit and contribute to the care of the old resident throughout the years, from the time of placement to their demise, but that this involvement might vary both in content and in extent. However, it was found that families' involvement (as well as their changing relationships and roles) is particularly shaped by the very process of dying and lingering aura of death on the ward. The analysis presented in the article evinces the difficult — and in many ways impossible — role of the family in the institutional end-of-life setting, and discloses the various patterns and manifestations of family involvement in this environment. Different meanings and implications of family involvement are discussed and highlighted.     

婚姻状态对老年人死亡概率的影响研究--基于CLHLS队列数据的实证分析

文章基于 CLHLS 队列数据,运用统计分析及经验论证,解析出婚姻状态影响老年人死亡概率的作用机理,即在婚状态以其“保护效应”减小老年人患病的机率,进而减小其死亡概率;相反,不在婚状态的“损害效应”会增加老年人患病的机率,进而增加其死亡的概率。在所得结论基础上,为促进老年健康和应对养老挑战,针对老年人婚姻问题提出了相关政策建议。     

A propensity score matching analysis of the relationship between victim sex and capital juror decision-making in North Carolina

A small body of prior research has examined the impact of victim sex on jury death penalty decision-making and the majority of this research has demonstrated some evidence of a “female victim effect” such that cases involving a female victim are more likely to receive the death penalty than similarly situated cases with a male victim. However, within this line of research studies have suggested that victim sex may work in conjunction with other case characteristics. In order to further explore this phenomenon, the current study examines a near-population of death penalty cases from North Carolina (n = 1069) from 1977–2009 using propensity score matching. Results demonstrate that once cases are matched on more than 50 legal and extralegal case characteristics, there is no statistically significant or substantive link between victim sex and death penalty decision-making. Findings suggest that it is concrete differences in the legal and extralegal factors observed in cases with female victims compared to male victims that shape jury death sentence decisions rather than a direct effect of victim sex (before matching: OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.20–1.95; p < .001/after matching: OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.66–1.24; p = .52). Study limitations and implications are also discussed.     

Model selection consistency of U-statistics with convex loss and weighted lasso penalty

In the paper we consider minimisation of U-statistics with the weighted Lasso penalty and investigate their asymptotic properties in model selection and estimation. We prove that the use of appropriate weights in the penalty leads to the procedure that behaves like the oracle that knows the true model in advance, i.e. it is model selection consistent and estimates nonzero parameters with the standard rate. For the unweighted Lasso penalty, we obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for model selection consistency of estimators. The obtained results strongly based on the convexity of the loss function that is the main assumption of the paper. Our theorems can be applied to the ranking problem as well as generalised regression models. Thus, using U-statistics we can study more complex models (better describing real problems) than usually investigated linear or generalised linear models.     

“德礼为政教之本,刑罚为政教之用”的历史分析

分析中国古代立法的指导思想,应置之于中国古代德主刑辅的儒家治国方略的历史维度中进行。德礼教化作为一种伦理功能,其实效性必须依赖于法律保障,否则只能是虚有其表的抽象观念。唐律以刑罚为后盾不遗余力地推行伦理教化、加强礼教的合法性与强制性,其根本目的在于实现伦理教化在现实社会中的实际效用。     

论刑罚资源的有效配置

对刑罚意义的不同理解以及对刑罚目的的不同追求直接决定着刑事制裁方式的选择。刑罚的目的是通过加重犯罪所需要的成本来制止犯罪,从而得到最佳的刑罚效益。在刑罚资源有限的前提下,如何选择有效的刑事制裁方式,以最合理、最小量的刑罚成本投入,最大限度获取刑罚效益,始终是一个难题。从刑罚经济分析的角度,研究犯罪与刑罚的关系,有助于实现刑罚资源的有效配置,促进刑事司法活动成本减少、效益增大,进而更好地惩治犯罪与预防犯罪。