邓小平四川藏区民主改革思想与实践

民主改革是20世纪中后期中国共产党采取协商方式,领导部分边疆民族地区上层人士及劳动人民,开展以废除奴隶制或农奴制、消除剥削压迫、土地改革为中心的社会改造。建国初期,邓小平等依据民主主义的任务,结合民族地区实际,提出采取协商方式、实行宽大措施开展土改的构想。再经总结,提升为民主改革（和平协商土地改革、直接过渡）,载之宪法,成为共产党的“既定方针”,改造部分民族旧社会形态。即使采取协商方式开展改革,也有可能遭到反对。针对叛乱,邓小平确定“政治争取为主与军事打击结合”的方针,组织群众,平息叛乱,保障改革、坚决改革。在改革上,邓小平及时作出指示,引导改革顺利开展,确定“发动群众、上层协商”的改革方针。“发动群众”表明改革依靠群众;“上层协商”反映用“赎买”施以改革,从而形成有中国特色的社会改造方式。文章通过对为什么要改革、怎样改革、依靠谁改革,以及如何对待叛乱的分析,阐述了邓小平对民主改革的认识,也是邓小平解决部分民族地区社会形态的理论成果。     

‘I FELT DEAD’: applying a racial microaggressions framework to Black students’ experiences of Black History Month and Black History*

This paper uses a Critical Race Theory perspective to explain the everyday racisms – racial microaggressions – directed towards students of African and Caribbean descent during a non-statutory Black History unit, at an English secondary school. Applying a racial microaggressions framework to ethnographic data, this paper finds that experiences of studying Black History by students of African and Caribbean descent are dominated by various types of racial microaggressions including: micro-invalidation, micro-insults and micro-assaults. These experiences are symptomatic of wider racist structures and processes within the National Curriculum for History, based upon the ideology of white supremacy. This paper concludes that the racial microaggressions framework allows for useful ways of thinking about the function and purpose of Black History Month and Black History in schools, and its opportunities for exposing wider institutional and ideological underpinnings that legitimate deficit understandings about black people in school classrooms.     

‘Refugees welcome?’ The interplay between perceived threats and general concerns on the acceptance of refugees – a factorial survey approach in Germany

The on-going migration of refugees to Europe has fuelled debates about the indigence of refugees and the perceived legitimacy of individual claims for asylum in different receptive countries. With a substantial body of research that has investigated the antecedents of attitudes towards immigrants, evidence on whether those underlying assumptions hold true for refugees as well remains scarce. The paper applies the framework of Intergroup Threat Theory to arrive at competing hypotheses with regard to the acceptance levels of refugees. We use pooled data from two probabilistic samples drawn in the German city of Dresden and apply a confounded factorial survey design to extend previous research on attitudes towards refugees. We find that natives perceive political persecution and war as justified reasons for seeking asylum in Germany, while socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and refugees are of minor importance. Foremost, the individual level of respondent’s fear of crime represents a crucial moderator of the perception of refugees as threatening.     

A DECISION THEORY EXAMPLE IN FOOTBALL

In the 1967 Harvard-Cornell football game, Harvard was ahead 14–0 late in the game when Cornell scored two touchdowns. On both occasions, Cornell tried and failed on the two-point conversion attempt and lost the game 14–12. Postgame arguments were divided on the merits of Cornell's strategy. For this frequently occurring scenario in college football, we derive a maximum expected utility decision rule for the decision of kicking versus running/passing based on the relative utility of a win, a tie, or a loss and the probabilities of success with a kick as opposed to a run/pass.     

基于多元智能理论的信息化教学设计

加德纳提出的多元智能理论给传统教育观念带来了巨大的冲击,也赋予了信息化教学设计新的依据和新的视角.基于多元智能理论,从目标导向、内容构建、环境创设、评价设计四个方面探讨信息化教学设计的基本理念,并对多元智能理论指导下的信息化教学设计模式进行分析.     

邓小平和谐社会思想的辩证特色

邓小平关于和谐社会的论述蕴涵着辩证法思想,集中体现在和谐社会是民主与法治的辩证统一、公平与效率的辩证统一、改革与稳定的辩证统一、人与自然的辩证统一等方面,这四个方面的论述形成了具有辩证特色的邓小平和谐社会思想.     

A CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF MANAGERIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR METHODOLOGY AND POLICY*

The present study uses canonical analysis to examine the contingency model of organizations in the nursing home field. Data on environmental pressures and managerial practices relevant to the decision-making process are analyzed. Results support the theory that managerial practices are contingent on environmental pressures. The implications of these results for health-care decision makers and for future assessments of managerial-environmental relationships are discussed.     

党的三代中央领导人论艰苦奋斗

当中国共产党即将由革命党转变为执政党的历史关头 ,毛泽东提出两个“务必”;在社会主义市场经济条件下 ,邓小平、江泽民将艰苦奋斗与反腐败并论 ;在全面建设小康社会的征途上 ,胡锦涛再提艰苦奋斗具有现实针对性。党的三代领导人论述艰苦奋斗的核心 ,就是始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系     

继承与超越:中共三代领导人的文化思想

中共三代领导人——毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民面对经济文化如此落后、发展又不平衡的东方大国如何建设先进的有中国特色的社会主义文化这一历史课题 ,在中国民主革命和社会主义建设的不同历史时期 ,把马克思主义文化观与中国国情和不断变化的时代特征相结合 ,创造性地提出了民族的科学的大众的新文化、社会主义精神文明、有中国特色的社会主义文化 ,形成了一脉相承、各具特色的文化思想 ,丰富和发展了马克思主义的文化观 ,促进和繁荣了我国的文化事业     

邓小平与1975年文化领域的整顿

邓小平主持的1975年文化领域的整顿是“文化大革命”后期的一场尖锐复杂的斗争。特殊的历史条件造成了文艺、教育、科技等文化领域的各部门整顿的复杂性、方式方法的特殊性以及结果的差异性。1975年文化领域的整顿是科技、文化、教育部门拨乱反正的先声,:勾新时期邓小平关于发展繁荣文化事业的思想形成提供了借鉴和一定的理论渊源。