‘Refugees welcome?’ The interplay between perceived threats and general concerns on the acceptance of refugees – a factorial survey approach in Germany

The on-going migration of refugees to Europe has fuelled debates about the indigence of refugees and the perceived legitimacy of individual claims for asylum in different receptive countries. With a substantial body of research that has investigated the antecedents of attitudes towards immigrants, evidence on whether those underlying assumptions hold true for refugees as well remains scarce. The paper applies the framework of Intergroup Threat Theory to arrive at competing hypotheses with regard to the acceptance levels of refugees. We use pooled data from two probabilistic samples drawn in the German city of Dresden and apply a confounded factorial survey design to extend previous research on attitudes towards refugees. We find that natives perceive political persecution and war as justified reasons for seeking asylum in Germany, while socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and refugees are of minor importance. Foremost, the individual level of respondent’s fear of crime represents a crucial moderator of the perception of refugees as threatening.     

An integrative model of leadership behavior

Decades of questionnaire and interview studies have revealed various leadership behaviors observed in successful leaders. However, little is known about the actual behaviors that cause those observations. Given that lay observers are prone to cognitive biases, such as the halo effect, the validity of theories that are exclusively based on observed behaviors is questionable. We thus follow the call of leading scientists in the field and derive a parsimonious model of leadership behavior that is informed by established psychological theories. Building on the taxonomy of Yukl (2012), we propose three task-oriented behavior categories (enhancing understanding, strengthening motivation and facilitating implementation) and three relation-oriented behavior categories (fostering coordination, promoting cooperation and activating resources), each of which is further specified by a number of distinct behaviors. While the task-oriented behaviors are directed towards the accomplishment of shared objectives, the relation-oriented behaviors support this process by increasing the coordinated engagement of the team members. Our model contributes to the advancement of leadership behavior theory by (1) consolidating current taxonomies, (2) sharpening behavioral concepts of leadership behavior, (3) specifying precise relationships between those categories and (4) spurring new hypotheses that can be derived from existing findings in the field of psychology. To test our model as well as the hypotheses derived from this model, we advocate the development of new measurements that overcome the limitations associated with questionnaire and interview studies.     

医学英语中“计算机网络图式教学模式”的构建

大学医学英语教学改革的一个重要问题就是改革传统的教学模式,建立基于计算机网络的医学英语教学模式.现以图式理论为依据,结合计算机网络的教学手段,从多媒体网络视角探讨"计算机网络图式教学模式",以期对外语教学实践提供新的教学模式和思路.     

Celebrating the 21st anniversary of empowerment evaluation with our critical friends

This special topic edition of E&PP presents the insights of luminaries in the field who have helped shape empowerment evaluation with their critiques, concerns, and congratulations. We celebrate their contributions to empowerment evaluation. This special topic edition of E&PP presents their comments about an evaluation approach that, according to president Stewart Donaldson, has “gone viral” across the globe (Donaldson, 2015).To set the stage for these critical friends’ comments, additional context for their discussion is provided. In addition, this special topic edition concludes with a brief comment on their thoughts.     

Evaluating social exclusion interventions in university-community partnerships

Most university-community partnerships (UCPs) involve elements of community-level social exclusion interventions. As such, they face substantial challenges in management and evaluation. This paper highlights the central challenges associated with evaluation of UCP and other social exclusion interventions at the community level, and suggests methods to overcome them. The main body of the paper presents a case study based on a four-year action research involving evaluation of a social exclusion intervention initiated and implemented by a UCP in Israel. The case study highlights the challenges faced by the evaluation team, the solutions provided, and the contribution of the evaluation to improvement and accountability.     

先秦阴阳家邹衍思想初探

邹衍是战国时期阴阳学派的代表之一。纵观思想史或哲学史著作,邹衍及其思想常鲜少提及。从五德终始说、天道论和天地广大说三个方面,对邹衍思想进行探究。邹衍在史墨五行相胜说的基础上,结合思孟学派的五行学说,形成了自己的五德终始说;他的天道论即四时教令思想;天地广大说在一定程度上开阔了人们的视野,打破了人们狭隘的地域观念。     

Theory of mind: are there wider implications from working with d/Deaf people?

An exploratory teaching approach was inspired by the communicative experiences of d/Deaf students in tertiary education. ‘Theory of Mind’ has been used by some to describe the capacity to appreciate that views of others may be different from our own, a concept that could provide a different way for students and educators to understand the barriers identified. An adapted assessment highlighted challenges faced and a communication group provided opportunities for extending personal understandings of social settings. Emerging ideas to inform practice and potential implications for inclusion have relevance for other contexts.     

回到海德格尔

在海德格尔的全部学术思想发展进程中,始终同步存在着两种完全不同的思之道路和双重思想构境——"克服形而上学"的争执性思想场域和"绝弃存在"的本有诗性之思境。克服形而上学,就是在重返柏拉图和亚里士多德的开启的第一开端中,超越性地让存在者归基,即重新扎根于作为其真实根据的存在。"绝弃存在"这条全新道路的基石却是被打上叉的存在,即"存有"(Seyn)历史之思,在这条没有了理性炫目之光的幽暗小径上,打开一切存在的涌现和用在性将为存在之弃让所替代,解蔽之真理性认知和逻各斯之主导性追问生成的抽象聚集,将为存有的基础性追问中的真理本现和归隐所取代。在海德格尔的思想发展中,根本不存在断裂式的思想转向,只有一个海德格尔!只是这个海德格尔在对希腊原初本原之境的双重返回中,同时置身于"第一开端"的形而上学之路解构之战和在"另一开端"的本有之思中的道说本现之中。应该说,海德格尔在两个思想构境层中的辛苦努力都是一贯到底的。     

黄裳词学观及其词的创作特色

北宋词人黄裳认为,诗词同源,词也是诗,都应遵循儒家诗教所规定的创作原则和表现手法,肯定柳永词反映太平盛世的写实意义。黄氏所存词取材涉及咏物、写景、闲适、节序、咏怀等十类,但无艳情、闺情作品。由于黄氏虽尊奉儒教,又兼好老、释,故其词风清雅、坚劲。在北宋中后期,黄裳是一位颇具特色的词论家和词作者。